A computer is a machine that can be programmed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as programs.
A computer consists of four main components. First, input devices like keyboards and mice allow users to enter data. Second, output devices like monitors and speakers display or output results. Third, the central processing unit, or CPU, performs calculations and executes instructions. Fourth, memory stores data and programs temporarily or permanently.
Input devices allow users to enter data and commands into the computer. Common examples include keyboards for typing, mice for pointing and clicking, microphones for voice input, and cameras for image capture.
Output devices display or output results from the computer. Examples include monitors for visual display, speakers for audio output, printers for hard copies, and headphones for private listening.
The central processing unit, or CPU, is the brain of the computer. It performs all the processing and executes instructions. The CPU consists of three main parts: the control unit, which directs operations, the arithmetic logic unit, which performs calculations and logical operations, and registers, which store temporary data.
Memory stores data and programs. There are two main types. RAM, or random access memory, is temporary storage that holds data and programs while the computer is running. ROM, or read-only memory, is permanent storage that contains essential instructions for booting up the computer.
Computers work by following a specific sequence of steps. First, they receive input data through input devices. Second, the CPU processes this data according to programmed instructions. Third, the results are stored in memory. Finally, the results are output through output devices.