Water All Around Us
If someone asked you to think of water, what would you think of? You might think of something like the ocean, a swimming pool, or a bottle of water. Water is all around us. and we use it for many things. We clean with it, drink it and water plants with it. We even use water for fun. We swim in it, boat on it, and use it to squirt each other with water pistols. Water is very important, and we see it all around us.
But what about invisible water? Invisible water is all around us, too! The puddles from a windy rainstorm dry up in the sun's heat, even on a cool day. As wet clothes dry out, the water goes away. If you boil a pot of water for a long time, the water disappears. Where does this water go? It goes into the air.
Water that we can see and pour is called liquid water. Water that freezes into ice is called solid water. When water disappears and goes into the air, it is called water vapor. When water is changing from liquid water to water vapor, it is evaporating. There is a lot of evaporated water in the air. You can also make water vapor transform back into liquid waler. When you breathe on a cold window, the water vapor in your breath fogs up the window glass. The water vapor in the air will turn back into liquid water on the outside of an ice-cold soda can. If you carefully hold a cold spoon over a pot of boiling water, the water vapor will turn back into liquid waler on the bottom of the spoon.
Can we ever see water in the air? Most water in the air is invisible, but there are some examples we can see. One example is steam from boiling water. Another is clouds, which are made of billons of tiny drops of liquid water and ice. The drops of water and ice pieces are so small that they can float!
Sometimes, the drops of water in clouds collect, or the ice pieces grow. As the drops of water or ice pieces get bigger, they get too heavy to float and they fall down as rain or snow.
Once the liquid water is back on the ground, does it stop changing? It collects into streams, lakes, oceans, and underground wells. Living things, including people, collect it and use it again. However, the water won't stay on the ground forever. Heat makes water evaporate into water vapor. People and other animals drink liquid water and breathe out water vapor. Plants take in water with their roots and give off water vapor from their leaves. Some of this water vapor stays invisible in the air. Some of it turns back into tiny drops of water and gathers together as a cloud. Some clouds produce rain and become another part of the infinite cycle of water moving around on our beautiful planet.
The endless water cycle
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When we think of water, we usually picture oceans, swimming pools, or bottles of water. Water is everywhere around us, and we use it for many purposes - cleaning, drinking, watering plants, and having fun. But there's also invisible water all around us. When puddles dry up in the sun, when wet clothes become dry, or when boiling water disappears from a pot, where does all that water go? It transforms into invisible water vapor and goes into the air around us.
Water is all around us in our daily lives. We use it for cleaning, drinking, watering plants, and having fun. We can see water in oceans, swimming pools, and bottles. But there's also invisible water in the air around us that we can't see but is always there.
Water exists in three different states around us. Liquid water is what we can see and pour - it flows freely and takes the shape of its container. Solid water, or ice, forms when water freezes and molecules arrange in a rigid crystal structure. Water vapor is invisible gas that forms when liquid water evaporates. During evaporation, water molecules gain energy and move faster, transforming from liquid to gas. This process happens constantly around us, even at room temperature, as water molecules escape into the air.
Although most water vapor is invisible, we can sometimes see it in action. Steam rising from boiling water is actually tiny water droplets that form when hot water vapor cools down. When you breathe on a cold window, the water vapor in your breath condenses into tiny fog droplets. Similarly, water droplets form on the outside of a cold soda can when invisible water vapor in the air touches the cold surface and turns back into liquid water.
Clouds are fascinating formations made of billions of tiny water droplets and ice crystals that are so small and light they can float in the air. These tiny particles form when water vapor in the atmosphere cools down and condenses. When the water droplets in clouds start to collide and stick together, they grow larger and heavier. Eventually, they become too heavy to stay floating in the air and fall down as rain. In colder conditions, ice pieces grow larger and fall as snow. This is how the water cycle brings water back to the ground.
The water cycle is an endless process that moves water around our planet. The sun heats water in oceans, lakes, and rivers, causing it to evaporate into invisible water vapor that rises into the atmosphere. As this water vapor cools high in the sky, it condenses into tiny droplets that form clouds. When the droplets grow too heavy, they fall back to Earth as rain or snow in a process called precipitation. The water then collects in streams, rivers, lakes, and underground sources, where living things use it before the cycle begins again. This amazing process has been happening for millions of years and will continue forever, ensuring water is always moving and available for life on our beautiful planet.
Although most water vapor is invisible, we can see it when it condenses back into liquid water. When you breathe on a cold window, the warm water vapor in your breath hits the cold glass surface and instantly turns into tiny water droplets that fog up the window. Similarly, when you hold a cold spoon over boiling water, the hot steam condenses on the cold metal surface and forms water drops. Water droplets also form on the outside of an ice-cold soda can because invisible water vapor in the warm air touches the cold surface and condenses. These examples show us that invisible water vapor is always present in the air around us.