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Hello everyone! I'm your English teacher from Shanghai. Today we're going to explore object clauses, which are essential for expressing complex thoughts in English. An object clause is simply a clause that functions as the object of the main verb. The basic structure is: Subject plus Verb plus Object Clause. For example, in the sentence 'I know that you are smart', 'I' is the subject, 'know' is the verb, and 'that you are smart' is the object clause. Now let's categorize object clauses into three main types. First, we have 'that' clauses, like 'I think that he is right'. The word 'that' introduces a statement or fact. Second, we have 'if' or 'whether' clauses, such as 'I wonder if it will rain'. These express uncertainty or choice. Third, we have 'wh-question' clauses, like 'I know what you mean'. These use question words like what, when, where, why, and how. Each type has its own purpose and structure. Let's focus on 'that' clauses, which are the most common type of object clause. They express facts, opinions, or beliefs. In the sentence 'She believes that English is important', the main clause is 'She believes' and the object clause is 'that English is important'. Notice that 'that' can often be omitted in spoken English, so we can say 'She believes English is important'. Another example is 'We hope that you will succeed'. Common verbs that introduce 'that' clauses include think, believe, hope, know, say, and feel. Now let's explore 'if' and 'whether' clauses. These express uncertainty, doubt, or choice when we're not sure about something. In the sentence 'I don't know if she will come', we use 'if' to show uncertainty about her arrival. We could also say 'I don't know whether she will come'. Another example is 'Can you tell me whether this is correct?' Notice that 'whether' is more formal than 'if' and is often used with 'or not', as in 'I wonder whether it will rain or not'. Finally, let's explore 'wh-question' clauses. These use question words like what, when, where, why, how, who, and which. The most important thing to remember is that the word order changes from question form to statement form. For example, the direct question 'What time is it?' becomes 'I don't know what time it is' in an object clause. Notice how 'is it' changes to 'it is' - we use statement word order, not question order. This rule applies to all wh-question clauses in object position.