What is Valency of a particle and what is valance electron of particle.... Make A Full Tutorial About All the Topics Related to those, and Last Difference and Similarities Between Them....Make It Easy to Understand and With effective Visuals..

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Welcome to our tutorial on valency and valence electrons! These are two of the most important concepts in chemistry that help us understand how atoms interact with each other. Valency tells us how many bonds an atom can form, while valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell that participate in chemical bonding. In this example, we see an atom with electrons arranged in different shells, with the outermost shell highlighted as the valence shell. Valence electrons are the electrons found in the outermost electron shell of an atom. These are the most important electrons when it comes to chemical bonding because they are the ones that interact with other atoms. In this carbon atom example, we can see that carbon has 6 electrons total - 2 in the inner shell and 4 in the outer shell. The 4 electrons in the outer shell are the valence electrons. These valence electrons determine how carbon will bond with other atoms and are responsible for carbon's unique ability to form four covalent bonds. Valency is the combining capacity of an atom - it tells us how many chemical bonds an atom can form with other atoms. The valency is determined by the number of valence electrons and the atom's tendency to achieve a stable electron configuration. For example, hydrogen has 1 valence electron and a valency of 1, meaning it can form one bond. Carbon has 4 valence electrons and a valency of 4, so it can form four bonds. Oxygen has 6 valence electrons but a valency of 2, because it tends to gain 2 electrons to complete its outer shell. Understanding valency helps us predict how atoms will combine to form compounds. Now let's see how valency and valence electrons work together in chemical bonding. The number of valence electrons determines an atom's valency, which tells us how many bonds it can form. A perfect example is water formation. Oxygen has 6 valence electrons and needs 2 more to complete its outer shell, giving it a valency of 2. Each hydrogen atom has 1 valence electron and needs 1 more, giving it a valency of 1. When they combine, oxygen shares electrons with two hydrogen atoms, forming two covalent bonds. This creates the familiar H-O-H structure of water, where each atom achieves a stable electron configuration through sharing. Let's summarize the similarities and differences between valency and valence electrons. Both concepts relate to the outermost electrons and determine chemical behavior, helping us predict bonding patterns. However, they differ in important ways. Valence electrons refer to the actual number of electrons in the outer shell, while valency refers to the bonding capacity or combining power. Notice how oxygen has 6 valence electrons but a valency of 2, and chlorine has 7 valence electrons but a valency of 1. This shows that valence electrons tell us 'what we have' while valency tells us 'how many bonds we can form'. Understanding both concepts together gives us a complete picture of atomic behavior in chemical reactions.