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**Teacher's Initial Notes:**
* **教师先知:** 可知图让学生理解位移和路程并且作大小比较。强调矢量标量的区别。注意正负问题,正负在矢量里面代表与正方向是否一致不表示大小,在标量里面代表大小或者性质。
* **①** 路程是质点运动轨迹的长度。位移是表示质点位置变化的物理量。
* **②** 位移是矢量 (有大小有方向),只跟初末位置有关与路径无关,方向由初位置指向末位置,大小等于其直线距离。路程是标量 (有大小无方向),它是质点运动轨迹的长度。因此其大小与运动路径有关。
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**【例 1】**
**Question Stem:**
下列说法正确的是 ( )
**Options:**
A. 物体通过的路程不同,位移必定不同
B. 物体作单向直线运动时,位移的大小等于路程
C. 物体通过的位移等于零,物体一定处于静止状态
D. 物体通过的位移不为零,则物体发生的 路程一定不小于位移大小
**Answer:**
答案:BD
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**【例 2】**
**Question Stem:**
某人先向东走 2m,接着向西走 6m,最后向南走 3m,则他在这段运动中的位移大小和路程分别是
**Options:**
A. 5m, 5m
B. 11m, 11m
C. 5m, 11m
D. 11m, 5m
**Answer:**
答案:C
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**【例 3】**
**Question Stem:**
如图所示:物体沿两个半径为 R 的圆弧由 A 到 C,则它的位移和路程分别为:
**Chart/Diagram Description:**
* **Type:** Geometric figure illustrating a path.
* **Main Elements:**
* Three labeled points: A, B, C.
* Point A is on the left side of the diagram.
* Point B is to the right of A, at the same horizontal level. A dashed horizontal line segment connects A to B, and this segment is labeled "2R". An upper semicircle arc is drawn between A and B, above the "2R" line.
* Point C is located below and to the right of B. Dotted lines are drawn from B: one extends horizontally to the right, labeled "2R", and another extends vertically downwards from the end of that horizontal line to point C, also labeled "2R".
* The path is depicted as two connected arcs:
* The first arc is the upper semicircle from A to B.
* The second arc starts at B and ends at C. It is shown as a curve passing through the lower-right region relative to B. A portion of a circle is also drawn, seemingly indicating the shape of the path from B to C.
**Options:**
A. 5π/2 R, A 指向 C; √10 R
B. 5π/2 R, A 指向 C; 5π/2 R
C. √10 R, A 指向 C; 5π/2 R
D. √10 R, C 指向 A; 5π/2 R
**Answer:**
答案:C
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**3.5 速度、平均速度、瞬时速度、平均速率、瞬时速率**
**Teacher's Notes:**
* **教师先知:** 老师重点要求学生会计算平均速度;理解瞬时速度的意义。
* **①速度:** 表示质点的运动快慢和方向,是矢量。它的大小用位移和时间的比值定义,方向就是物体的运动方向,也是位移的变化方向,但不一定与位移方向相同。
* **②平均速度:** 运动物体的位移与通过这段位移所用时间的比值。定义式: $\bar{v} = \frac{s}{t}$
* 平均速度的方向:与位移方向相同。
* **说明:** A、矢量:有大小,有方向;
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