Bone tissue is a complex, living structure composed of two main architectural types. Cortical bone forms the dense outer layer providing mechanical strength, while cancellous bone creates the inner spongy network that allows flexibility and houses bone marrow. Three essential cell types work together to maintain bone health: osteoblasts build new bone tissue, osteoclasts break down old bone, and osteocytes maintain the bone matrix. This cellular cooperation forms the foundation for all bone regeneration processes.
Bone remodeling is a continuous, coordinated process that maintains bone health throughout life. The cycle begins with activation, where signals trigger the remodeling process. During resorption, osteoclasts create cavities by dissolving old bone tissue. The reversal phase prepares the surface for new bone formation. Finally, osteoblasts fill the cavities with fresh bone matrix. This complete cycle takes three to four months and ensures bones remain strong while repairing microscopic damage.