explain how WinDBG MCP Server works when debugging a crash

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WinDBG MCP Server is a powerful debugging architecture that enables remote crash analysis on Windows systems. The system consists of three main components: the WinDBG Debugger Engine which performs core analysis, the MCP Server that handles communication protocols, and the Target Process which is the application being debugged. When a crash occurs, this architecture allows developers to remotely connect and analyze the failure, making it essential for production debugging scenarios. The crash detection process follows a systematic pipeline in Windows systems. It begins with normal program execution, then an exception occurs such as an access violation. Windows Structured Exception Handling, or SEH, immediately catches this exception and initiates the crash handling sequence. The system generates a dump file containing the process state, then notifies the WinDBG MCP Server to begin the debugging session. This automated pipeline ensures that crashes are captured and made available for analysis without losing critical debugging information. The MCP Communication Protocol enables remote debugging through a structured request-response system. The protocol establishes connections between debug clients and the MCP server, manages debugging sessions, and handles bidirectional communication. Key features include command serialization, session management, and support for various debugging operations like memory access and symbol resolution. The communication flow involves the client sending requests, the server processing commands through the debugger engine, and returning formatted results back to the client. The memory analysis workflow in WinDBG MCP Server systematically examines crash dumps and live process memory. The process begins with loading crash dump files and resolving symbols for accurate analysis. The server then performs call stack analysis through stack unwinding, examines heap structures for corruption, and enumerates loaded modules. Memory regions are inspected to understand the process layout, including stack frames, heap allocations, and code segments. This comprehensive analysis enables developers to identify the root cause of crashes and understand the application state at the time of failure. The command processing engine in WinDBG MCP Server handles debugging commands through a structured workflow. Commands are received and validated by the parser, then executed by the debugger engine which interacts with the target process or dump file. Results are formatted for presentation and output is generated for the client. Common commands include analyze for crash analysis, display variables for examining program state, memory dump commands for inspecting memory contents, and call stack commands for understanding execution flow. This systematic processing ensures reliable and consistent debugging operations.