What is the function of behavior? How do I assess the function of a behavior in reality?
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The function of behavior is a fundamental concept in understanding why people do what they do. Every behavior serves a purpose - it meets some need for the individual. When we see a behavior, we should ask ourselves: what is this person trying to achieve or avoid through this action?
Behavior serves four primary functions. First, escape or avoidance - helping someone get away from unpleasant situations. Second, attention - gaining social interaction or notice from others. Third, access to tangibles - obtaining desired items or activities. Fourth, automatic reinforcement - providing internal sensory satisfaction that feels good to the individual.
The ABC data collection method is the cornerstone of functional assessment. A stands for Antecedent - what happens immediately before the behavior. B is the Behavior itself - the specific action we're observing. C is the Consequence - what happens immediately after the behavior. By systematically recording these three elements, we can identify patterns that reveal the function of the behavior.
Here's a practical example of ABC data collection. At 10:15, when given a math worksheet, the student screams and throws the paper, resulting in task removal - indicating an escape function. At 1:30, while playing alone, hitting a peer gets attention from both the peer and teacher. At 3:00, grabbing a toy shows access-seeking behavior. At 4:00, hand-flapping while watching TV serves a sensory function with no external consequences needed.
Understanding behavior function is just the beginning. The real goal is creating effective interventions. First, collect ABC data consistently to identify patterns. Then form a hypothesis about the function. Next, design interventions that teach better ways to meet the same need. Finally, monitor progress and adjust as needed. This creates a continuous cycle of assessment and improvement that leads to meaningful behavior change.