Pleural effusion is a medical condition where excess fluid accumulates in the pleural space, which is the thin area between the lungs and the chest wall. Normally, this space contains only a small amount of fluid that helps the lungs move smoothly during breathing.
Pleural effusion can result from various underlying conditions. Heart failure is a common cause, as it leads to fluid buildup throughout the body. Infections like pneumonia can cause inflammation and fluid accumulation. Cancer can block lymphatic drainage or directly involve the pleura. Liver and kidney diseases affect the body's ability to regulate fluid balance.
Patients with pleural effusion commonly experience shortness of breath, especially when lying down, chest pain that may worsen with breathing, and a persistent dry cough. Diagnosis typically begins with a chest X-ray, which can show the characteristic appearance of fluid in the pleural space. Additional imaging like CT scans or ultrasound may be used for better visualization.
Treatment of pleural effusion depends on the underlying cause and severity. Thoracentesis is a common procedure where a needle is inserted to drain excess fluid, providing immediate relief. For recurrent effusions, chest tube insertion or pleurodesis may be necessary. Most importantly, treating the underlying condition is essential for long-term management.
Pleural effusion can result from various underlying conditions. Heart failure is a common cause, as it leads to fluid buildup throughout the body. Infections like pneumonia can cause inflammation and fluid accumulation. Cancer can block lymphatic drainage or directly involve the pleura. Liver and kidney diseases affect the body's ability to regulate fluid balance.
Patients with pleural effusion commonly experience shortness of breath, especially when lying down, chest pain that may worsen with breathing, and a persistent dry cough. Diagnosis typically begins with a chest X-ray, which can show the characteristic appearance of fluid in the pleural space. Additional imaging like CT scans or ultrasound may be used for better visualization.
Treatment of pleural effusion depends on the underlying cause and severity. Thoracentesis is a common procedure where a needle is inserted to drain excess fluid, providing immediate relief. For recurrent effusions, chest tube insertion or pleurodesis may be necessary. Most importantly, treating the underlying condition is essential for long-term management.
Prevention of pleural effusion focuses on managing underlying conditions such as heart disease, treating infections promptly, and maintaining regular medical checkups. The prognosis varies depending on the underlying cause, but early detection and treatment generally lead to better outcomes. Many cases of pleural effusion are treatable, and with proper follow-up care, patients can maintain good quality of life.