1. Family & Relatives (家人 – Jiārén) Immediate Family: Parents Mother: 妈妈 (Māmā) – Informal, like "Mom" Father: 爸爸 (Bàba) – Informal, like "Dad" Mother (formal): 母亲 (Mǔqīn) Father (formal): 父亲 (Fùqīn) Siblings Older Brother: 哥哥 (Gēge) Younger Brother: 弟弟 (Dìdi) Older Sister: 姐姐 (Jiějie) Younger Sister: 妹妹 (Mèimei) Spouse & Children Husband: 丈夫 (Zhàngfu) / 老公 (Lǎogōng – informal) Wife: 妻子 (Qīzi) / 老婆 (Lǎopó – informal) Son: 儿子 (Érzi) Daughter: 女儿 (Nǚ’ér) Extended Family: Grandparents Paternal Grandfather: 爷爷 (Yéye) Paternal Grandmother: 奶奶 (Nǎinai) Maternal Grandfather: 外公 (Wàigōng) Maternal Grandmother: 外婆 (Wàipó) Uncles & Aunts Father’s Older Brother: 伯伯 (Bóbo) Father’s Younger Brother: 叔叔 (Shūshu) Father’s Sister: 姑姑 (Gūgu) Mother’s Brother: 舅舅 (Jiùjiu) Mother’s Sister: 阿姨 (Āyí) Cousins, Nieces & Nephews Cousin (older, male): 表哥 (Biǎogē) / 堂哥 (Tánggē – paternal side) Cousin (younger, female): 表妹 (Biǎomèi) Niece: 侄女 (Zhínǚ) / 外甥女 (Wàishengnǚ – sister’s daughter) Nephew: 侄子 (Zhízi) / 外甥 (Wàisheng – sister’s son) 2. Friends & Social Circle (朋友 – Péngyou) Friend: 朋友 (Péngyou) Close Friend: 好朋友 (Hǎo péngyou) / 闺蜜 (Guīmì – female BFF) Boyfriend: 男朋友 (Nán péngyou) Girlfriend: 女朋友 (Nǚ péngyou) Roommate: 室友 (Shìyǒu) Classmate: 同学 (Tóngxué) 3. Professional Titles (职业称呼 – Zhíyè chēnghu) Workplace: Boss: 老板 (Lǎobǎn) Manager: 经理 (Jīnglǐ) Colleague: 同事 (Tóngshì) Employee: 员工 (Yuángōng) Intern: 实习生 (Shíxíshēng) Education: Teacher: 老师 (Lǎoshī) Professor: 教授 (Jiàoshòu) Student: 学生 (Xuésheng) Classmate: 同学 (Tóngxué) 4. Community & Others (社区 – Shèqū) Neighbor: 邻居 (Línjū) Doctor: 医生 (Yīshēng) Landlord: 房东 (Fángdōng) Key Notes: Formal vs. Informal: Use formal terms (e.g., 母亲) in writing/serious contexts. Informal terms (e.g., 妈妈) are for daily conversation. Paternal vs. Maternal Relatives: Chinese distinguishes between father’s side (e.g., 爷爷) and mother’s side (e.g., 外公). Polite Titles: Add 老 (Lǎo) for respect (e.g., 老师 → Lǎoshī). Example Sentences: "这是我妈妈。" (Zhè shì wǒ māmā.) – "This is my mom." "我的老板很友好。" (Wǒ de lǎobǎn hěn yǒuhǎo.) – "My boss is very friendly."