buenas, mi compañero es un estudiante de maestria en ciencias en Colombia y necesita que le expliques que es una Red neuronal para sus estudios
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Neural Networks are computational models inspired by the structure and functioning of the human brain. They consist of artificial neurons organized in layers that learn to perform complex tasks by identifying patterns in data, without being explicitly programmed for each specific task.
Neural networks are organized in layers. The input layer receives the initial data, with each neuron representing a feature. Hidden layers perform the main processing, where neurons receive inputs from the previous layer and pass outputs to the next. The output layer produces the final result. Neurons are interconnected by weighted links that determine the strength of connections.
Each neuron processes information in three steps. First, it calculates a weighted sum of all inputs, where each input is multiplied by its corresponding weight. Second, a bias value is added to this sum. Finally, an activation function is applied to introduce non-linearity, allowing the network to learn complex patterns. Common activation functions include ReLU, Sigmoid, and Tanh.
Neural networks learn through a training process that involves multiple steps. First, in the forward pass, data flows through the network from input to output. Then, the error is calculated by comparing the network's output with the expected result. Next, backpropagation adjusts the weights throughout the network to minimize this error. This process repeats many times until the network learns to make accurate predictions.
Neural networks have revolutionized many fields with diverse applications including image recognition, natural language processing, medical diagnosis, and autonomous vehicles. Deep Learning, which uses neural networks with many hidden layers, has enabled breakthrough achievements in complex tasks like game playing and financial prediction. These deep networks can learn hierarchical representations, making them the foundation of modern artificial intelligence systems.