RESPONDER ESTA PREGUNTA ICFES DE CIENCIAS---**Question Number:** 92. **Question Stem:** Cuatro jóvenes se encuentran estudiando el perfil de tres ondas electromagnéticas (onda X, Y y Z) que se propagan en un mismo medio, graficados todos a una misma escala, tal como se representa en la siguiente figura: Considering the analysis of the profiles of waves X, Y and Z, which of the following conclusions is correct? **Chart Description:** The image contains three separate line charts, stacked vertically, representing the profile of three waves labeled "Onda X", "Onda Y", and "Onda Z". Each chart has a vertical axis representing the amplitude (unlabeled) and a horizontal axis representing time, labeled "t(s)". The horizontal axis is marked with values 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. * **Onda X Chart:** Shows a sinusoidal wave. Over the time interval from 0 to 5 seconds, the wave completes approximately 4.5 cycles. Starting at amplitude 0 at t=0, it goes up, down, back to 0, down, up, back to 0, and repeats this pattern. It completes one full cycle (returning to the initial phase) roughly every 1.1 seconds (e.g., from t=0 to just past t=1). Looking closely, it completes 4 cycles in 4 seconds (0 to 4), so the period is T_X = 1 s. Frequency f_X = 1/T_X = 1 Hz. * **Onda Y Chart:** Shows a sinusoidal wave. Over the time interval from 0 to 5 seconds, the wave completes approximately 1 cycle. Starting at amplitude 0 at t=0, it goes up to a maximum, down through 0 to a minimum, and back up to 0 near t=5. It completes one full cycle roughly every 5 seconds. The period is T_Y = 5 s. Frequency f_Y = 1/T_Y = 1/5 Hz = 0.2 Hz. * **Onda Z Chart:** Shows a sinusoidal wave. Over the time interval from 0 to 5 seconds, the wave completes approximately 2 cycles. Starting at amplitude 0 at t=0, it goes up, down through 0, down to a minimum, and back up to 0 around t=2. It repeats this pattern, completing a second cycle around t=4, and is nearing the end of a third cycle at t=5. It completes one full cycle roughly every 2 seconds. The period is T_Z = 2.5 s (looking at 2 full cycles in 5 seconds). Frequency f_Z = 1/T_Z = 1/2.5 Hz = 0.4 Hz. All three waves are stated to propagate in the "mismo medio" (same medium). This implies they travel at the same speed (velocity). **Options:** A. El periodo de las ondas X, Y y Z es el mismo. (The period of waves X, Y and Z is the same.) B. La longitud de onda de las ondas X, Y y Z es la misma. (The wavelength of waves X, Y and Z is the same.) C. La velocidad de la onda Y es mayor que la velocidad de la onda Z. (The velocity of wave Y is greater than the velocity of wave Z.) D. La frecuencia de la onda X es mayor que la frecuencia de la onda Z. (The frequency of wave X is greater than the frequency of wave Z.) **Analysis of Options based on Chart Description:** * Periods: T_X = 1 s, T_Y = 5 s, T_Z = 2.5 s. They are not the same. Option A is incorrect. * Velocity: The waves propagate in the same medium, so their velocities are the same. v_X = v_Y = v_Z. Option C is incorrect. * Relationship between velocity, frequency, and wavelength is v = λ * f, or v = λ / T. Since velocity is the same (v = constant), wavelength is proportional to the period (λ = v * T) and inversely proportional to the frequency (λ = v / f). * Wavelengths: Since the periods are different, and velocity is the same, the wavelengths must be different. Option B is incorrect. * Frequencies: f_X = 1 Hz, f_Y = 0.2 Hz, f_Z = 0.4 Hz. Comparing frequencies: f_X = 1 Hz, f_Z = 0.4 Hz. f_X is indeed greater than f_Z. Option D is correct.

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