"that"是英语中一个非常重要且多功能的词汇。它可以作为指示代词、指示形容词、关系代词、连词和副词使用。掌握"that"的各种用法对于英语学习者来说至关重要,因为它在日常交流和书面表达中都非常常见。
"that"作为指示代词时,用来指代较远的人或物,或者前面提到的事物。例如"That is my car",这里的"that"指代那辆车。作为指示形容词时,"that"用来修饰名词,指代较远的人或物。例如"That house is beautiful",这里的"that"修饰"house"这个名词。
"that"作为关系代词时,用来引导定语从句,修饰先行词。它既可以修饰人,也可以修饰物。例如"This is the book that I borrowed",这里的"that"引导定语从句修饰"book"。再如"He is the man that helped me","that"引导定语从句修饰"man"。关系代词"that"的基本结构是:先行词加"that"再加定语从句。
"that"作为连词有多种用法。首先是引导宾语从句,如"I think that you are right",这里的"that"常可省略。其次是引导主语从句,如"That he is honest is known"。"that"还可以引导结果状语从句,常与"so"连用,如"He ran so fast that he won"。最后是引导目的状语从句,常与"so"连用,如"He worked hard so that he could pass"。
"that"还可以作为副词使用,表示程度,意为"那么,那样地",用来修饰形容词或副词。例如"It's not that difficult",意思是"没那么难"。再如"I didn't expect it to be that expensive",意思是"我没想到会那么贵"。总结一下,"that"有五种主要用法:指示代词、指示形容词、关系代词、连词和副词。掌握这些用法对英语学习非常重要。