总结图片中题目所考的知识点---```plain 2024~2025 学年第二学期阶段性学业水平阳光测评 初二 物理 2025.06 (满分 100 分, 时间 100 分钟) 一、选择题 (本题共 12 小题, 每小题 2 分, 共 24 分。每小题给出的选项中只有一个选项符合题意, 请将正确答案填涂在答题纸上) 1. 牛顿在多位科学家的理论和实验研究的基础上, 总结出牛顿第一定律, 其中多位科学家中代表性人物指的是 A. 伽利略 B. 帕斯卡 C. 卢瑟福 D. 哥白尼 2. 如图是折叠屏手机, 它采用柔性 OLED 外屏和可折叠柔性内屏, 双屏展现, 具有可折叠、耐磨、防水、回弹性好等特点。以下关于柔性屏的物理属性中描述错误的是 A. 韧性好 B. 吸水性好 C. 耐磨性好 D. 透光性好 Chart/Diagram Description for Question 2: Type: Image of a folding screen smartphone. Main Elements: - Left part shows the phone folded, displaying its back camera. - Right part shows the phone unfolded, displaying the screen. - Label below the image: "第2题". 3. “金陵金箔”是国家级非物质文化遗产, 金箔轻薄, 不能直接拿取, 正确的方法是: 用羽毛轻轻摩擦干燥的纸垫 (图甲), 随后让羽毛靠近金箔, 金箔被吸起 (图乙), 以下说法正确的是 A. 羽毛扫过纸垫创造了电荷 B. 羽毛和纸垫之间发生了分子的转移 C. 羽毛吸住金箔是利用了带电体能吸引轻小物体 D. 羽毛吸住金箔是利用了同种电荷相互吸引 Chart/Diagram Description for Question 3: Type: Two diagrams, labeled 甲 and 乙. Main Elements: - Diagram 甲: Shows a feather hovering above a paper pad labeled "纸垫". An arrow indicates the feather rubbing the pad. - Diagram 乙: Shows a feather hovering above a sheet of gold foil labeled "金箔". An arrow indicates the gold foil being attracted towards the feather. - Label below the diagrams: "第3题". 4. 如图所示, 使用泥塑刀制作泥塑时, 要注意用到的“劲”和用刀的“位置”。其中“劲”和“位置”分别是指力的 A. 大小、方向 B. 大小、作用点 C. 方向、作用点 D. 作用点、方向 5. 如图所示为人骨关节的示意图, 关节由关节囊包裹形成密闭的关节腔, 关节腔内含有滑液, 可以减小骨与骨之间的摩擦。下列改变摩擦的方法与此相同的是 A. 自行车转轴加润滑油 B. 推书柜时, 先将书移出 C. 搬运重物时在下方垫圆滚木 D. 车子陷在泥里, 在轮胎下面垫石子 Chart/Diagram Description for Question 5: Type: Diagram illustrating a human joint. Main Elements: - Depicts two bones forming a joint. - The joint is enclosed by a structure labeled "关节囊". - The space between the bones is labeled "关节腔". - The term "滑液" points to the fluid within the joint space. 6. 如图是 (Incomplete question stem) 外拉 (Incomplete question stem) A. (Option A content incomplete) C. 吸 (Option C content incomplete) 7. (Incomplete question stem) F牵引 (Incomplete question stem) A. (Option A content incomplete) C. (Option C content incomplete) 8. 同学 (Incomplete question stem) •压力 (Incomplete question stem) 次同 (Incomplete question stem) A. (Option A content incomplete) B. (Option B content incomplete) C. (Option C content incomplete) D. (Option D content incomplete) 9. 如图 (Incomplete question stem) 处于 (Incomplete question stem) A. (Option A content incomplete) 10. (Incomplete question stem) Other Relevant Text: 第1页 共8页 ``` **Question 6:** **Question Stem:** 如图是一种汽车凹痕修复器。使用时,挤出吸盘中的空气,吸盘紧贴在汽车凹陷处,再用力向外拉,把凹陷处修复好。吸盘能紧贴在汽车上是因为 **Options:** A. 人的压力 B. 汽车的吸力 C. 吸盘的重力 D. 大气的压力 **Chart/Diagram Description:** * **Type:** Photograph illustrating the use of a suction cup tool on a car panel. * **Main Elements:** Shows a hand holding a tool with a suction cup end attached to a car surface. The car surface appears smooth and metallic. * **Labels and Annotations:** The image is labeled "第6题" (Question 6). **Question 7:** **Question Stem:** 如图所示,汽车在水平路面上匀速直线行驶时的受力示意图。汽车的运动状态会因为水平方向的力和f阻力的大小关系不同存在多种可能,下列关于汽车的运动状态说法正确的是 **Options:** A. 若 F$_{牵引力}$ > f$_{阻力}$, 减速直线运动 B. 若 F$_{牵引力}$ > f$_{阻力}$, 加速直线运动 C. 若 F$_{牵引力}$ < f$_{阻力}$, 加速直线运动 D. 若 F$_{牵引力}$ = f$_{阻力}$, 匀速直线运动 **Chart/Diagram Description:** * **Type:** Force diagram for a rectangular object (representing a car) moving on a horizontal surface. * **Main Elements:** * A rectangle representing the object. * A central point on the rectangle from which forces originate. * Vertical axis: Upward arrow labeled F$_{支持力}$ (Support Force) and downward arrow labeled G (Gravity). * Horizontal axis: Rightward arrow labeled F$_{牵引力}$ (Pulling Force) and leftward arrow labeled f$_{阻力}$ (Resistance). * The forces are drawn as vectors. * **Labels and Annotations:** Forces are labeled with symbols and names. The diagram is labeled "第7题" (Question 7). **Question 8:** **Question Stem:** 同学提出两个猜想:猜想一:压力作用效果与受力面积的大小有关;猜想二:压力作用效果与压力的大小有关。他设计了如图所示的实验:手指和手掌分别沿水平方向先后用不同的力多次同时压气球的两侧,挤压时气球保持静止。这样的操作 **Options:** A. 只能验证猜想一 B. 只能验证猜想二 C. 既能验证猜想一,也能验证猜想二 D. 既不能验证猜想一,也不能验证猜想二 **Chart/Diagram Description:** * **Type:** Simple line drawing illustrating an experiment setup. * **Main Elements:** * A hand shown from the wrist up. * A finger of the hand is shown pressing on one side of a roughly pear-shaped balloon. * The palm of the same hand is shown pressing on the opposite side of the balloon. * The hand and balloon are oriented such that the finger and palm apply force horizontally. * **Labels and Annotations:** The image is labeled "第8题" (Question 8). **Question 9:** **Question Stem:** 如图所示实验装置,甲重 10N,乙重 5N,若弹簧测力计、绳的自重及滑轮摩擦不计,当它们处于平衡状态时,弹簧测力计的示数与物体甲受到的合力分别为 **Options:** A. 0N 5N B. 2.5N 5N C. 10N 5N D. 5N 0N **Chart/Diagram Description:** * **Type:** Schematic diagram of a mechanical system involving a pulley, masses, and a spring scale. * **Main Elements:** * A horizontal surface on the left. * An object labeled "甲" (Jia) resting on the horizontal surface. * A horizontal spring scale connected to the left of object 甲. * A rope connected to the right of object 甲, passing over a pulley. The spring scale is between object 甲 and the rope. * The pulley is attached to a support above. * An object labeled "乙" (Yi) is suspended from the other end of the rope. * Spring scale is labeled with marks and a pointer, indicating a reading. * **Labels and Annotations:** Objects are labeled 甲 and 乙. The diagram is labeled "第9题" (Question 9). **Question 10:** **Question Stem:** 潜水艇从海水高密度区驶入低密度区,急剧下降的过程称为“掉深”。如图所示,某潜水艇从 A 处驶入低密度海水区,“掉深”到 B 处。与 A 处相比,潜水艇在 B 处 **Options:** A. 受到的浮力变小 B. 受到的重力变大 C. 排开液体体积不变 D. 排开液体体积变大 **Chart/Diagram Description:** * **Type:** Cross-section diagram showing layers of water with different densities and a submarine's path. * **Main Elements:** * A body of water divided into two layers: "低密度水层" (Low-density water layer) above and "高密度水层" (High-density water layer) below. * A depth scale on the left vertical axis ranging from 0m to 900m, with increments of 100m. The boundary between the layers is depicted around the 400m mark. * A shape representing a submarine is shown in the low-density layer. * Point A is marked in the low-density layer. * Point B is marked below point A, also within the low-density layer area depicted by the descent path. * A dashed curved arrowed line labeled "掉深" (falling deep) shows the path from A to B. * **Labels and Annotations:** Layers are labeled "低密度水层" and "高密度水层". Points A and B are marked. The path is labeled "掉深". The depth scale is provided. The image is labeled "第10题" (Question 10). **Question 11:** Question Stem: 如图所示, 向管中注入适量的水, 待水面静止后两玻璃管内液面相平. 分别进行下列操作, 待水面静止后, 两根玻璃管中水面在同一高度的操作是 Diagrams: Four diagrams showing a U-shaped tube apparatus. The U-shaped tube consists of two vertical glass tubes connected by a flexible tube. Diagram ①: Shows the left glass tube being lowered relative to the right one. Labels: 玻璃管 (Glass tube), 软管 (Soft tube). Diagram ②: Shows the left glass tube being raised relative to the right one. Diagram ③: Shows the entire apparatus being tilted to the side. Diagram ④: Shows the entire apparatus placed on an inclined surface. Options: A. ①② B. ②③ C. ①②③ D. ①②③④ **Question 12:** Question Stem: 小刚在“制作简易密度计”的活动中发现自己做的吸管密度计 (配重未画出) 不能竖直漂浮在液体中而是斜靠在容器的边沿上, 什么原因呢? 在老师指导下, 小刚查阅资料知道漂浮在水中的物体有两个中心: 重心与浮心。对于质量分布均匀、形状规则的物体, 重心就是物体的几何中心; 浮心是浮力的作用点, 浮心的位置就是被排开那部分液体的重心的位置。根据你所学帮助小刚判断下图中吸管密度计最终可以竖直漂浮在液体中的是 Diagrams: Four diagrams labeled A, B, C, and D. Each diagram shows a tilted or vertical rod partially submerged in a liquid, representing a hydrometer. Force vectors for gravity (G) and buoyant force (F浮) are drawn. Diagram A: Rod is vertical. G acts downwards from a point below the surface. F浮 acts upwards from a point above G, but both forces are on the same vertical line. Diagram B: Rod is tilted. G acts downwards from a point. F浮 acts upwards from another point. The vertical lines of action of G and F浮 are horizontally separated, creating a moment that would increase the tilt. Diagram C: Rod is tilted. G acts downwards from a point. F浮 acts upwards from another point. The vertical lines of action of G and F浮 are horizontally separated, creating a moment that would restore the rod to vertical. Diagram D: Rod is tilted significantly. G acts downwards from a point. F浮 acts upwards from another point. The force vectors are shown with a large horizontal separation. Options: A B C D **Section Title:** 二、填空题 (本题共 10 小题, 每空 1 分, 共 26 分) (Section Two: Fill-in-the-Blank Questions (This section has 10 questions, 1 point per blank, total 26 points)) **Question 13:** Question Stem: 篆刻艺术是镌刻在中华艺术文脉上的古老印记。如图是艺术家篆刻的一枚方章, 与篆刻前相比, 篆刻后方章的质量_____, 密度_____ Diagram: An image of a square seal with characters carved into its surface. The seal is labeled 甲. Handwritten Answer 1: 变小 Handwritten Answer 2: 不变 **Question 14:** Question Stem: 煮粽子时, 空气中弥漫着清香, 这是_____现象; 开粽叶, 米和叶子“藕断丝连”, 说明分子之间存在_____作用; 科学家对原子的结构模型进行猜想和实验, 提出了多种模型, 在如图所示的两种模型中, _____ (甲/乙) 是卢瑟福提出的。 Diagrams: Two diagrams showing atomic models, labeled 甲 and 乙. Diagram 甲: Shows a sphere filled with smaller particles (Plum pudding model). Diagram 乙: Shows a central cluster of particles with other particles orbiting around it (Planetary/Rutherford model). Handwritten Answer 1: 扩散 Handwritten Answer 2: 相互 Handwritten Answer 3: 乙 **Question 15:** Question Stem: “夜来风雨声, 花落知多少”, 诗中“花落”是指花瓣落地, 是由于花瓣受到_____力的作用, 施力物体是_____ ; 为了探究这个力的方向, 小明进行了如图所示的实验, 说明这个力的方向是_____。 Diagram: A diagram showing a beaker labeled A containing liquid. The beaker is placed on an inclined surface that makes an angle α with the horizontal. A string is attached from a fixed point O above the beaker to the handle of the beaker. Handwritten Answer 1: 重 Handwritten Answer 2: 地球 Handwritten Answer 3: 竖直向下 **Page Information:** 第 3 页 共 8 页 (Page 3 Total 8 pages)