solve this problem---**Question:**
79. Observe the given boundary surface diagrams of two orbitals I and II and choose the correct option.
**Chart Description:**
Two 3D diagrams are shown, labeled I and II. Both show a coordinate system with x, y, and z axes intersecting at the origin.
* **Diagram I:** A boundary surface diagram of a d-orbital. It shows four lobes of electron density located in the xy-plane, specifically between the x and y axes. The z-axis is shown vertically.
* **Diagram II:** A boundary surface diagram of a d-orbital. It shows four lobes of electron density located in the xy-plane, specifically along the x and y axes. The z-axis is shown vertically.
**Options:**
(a) I - d_{x^2-y^2}, II - d_{yz}
(b) I - d_{yz}, II - d_{x^2-y^2}
(c) I - d_{xz}, II - d_{z^2}
(d) I - d_{xy}, II - d_{x^2-y^2}
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Let's analyze the boundary surface diagrams of two d-orbitals. Diagram I shows four lobes positioned between the x and y axes, while Diagram II shows four lobes aligned along the x and y axes. We need to identify which specific d-orbitals these represent.
Now let's analyze each diagram. Diagram I shows lobes positioned between the coordinate axes, which is the characteristic shape of the d_xy orbital. Diagram II shows lobes aligned along the x and y axes, which is characteristic of the d_x²-y² orbital. Therefore, the correct answer is option d: I represents d_xy and II represents d_x²-y².
In summary, we can identify d-orbitals by their characteristic shapes. The d_xy orbital has four lobes positioned between the coordinate axes, while the d_x²-y² orbital has four lobes aligned along the x and y axes. The other d-orbitals have distinct patterns: d_xz and d_yz have lobes in their respective planes, while d_z² has a unique shape with two main lobes along the z-axis. Understanding these orbital shapes is fundamental for predicting molecular geometry and chemical bonding patterns.
Now let's analyze each diagram. Diagram I shows lobes positioned between the coordinate axes, which is the characteristic shape of the d_xy orbital. Diagram II shows lobes aligned along the x and y axes, which is characteristic of the d_x²-y² orbital. Therefore, the correct answer is option d: I represents d_xy and II represents d_x²-y².
In summary, we can identify d-orbitals by their characteristic shapes. The d_xy orbital has four lobes positioned between the coordinate axes, while the d_x²-y² orbital has four lobes aligned along the x and y axes. The other d-orbitals have distinct patterns: d_xz and d_yz have lobes in their respective planes, while d_z² has a unique shape with two main lobes along the z-axis. Understanding these orbital shapes is fundamental for predicting molecular geometry and chemical bonding patterns.
Here we see all five d-orbitals together. Each has a unique three-dimensional shape and spatial orientation. The d_xy and d_x²-y² orbitals lie in the xy-plane, while d_xz and d_yz occupy their respective planes. The d_z² orbital has a distinctive shape with two main lobes along the z-axis and a ring in the xy-plane. These different orientations allow d-orbitals to form various types of chemical bonds in transition metal complexes.
To conclude, the correct answer to question 79 is option d: Diagram I represents the d_xy orbital and Diagram II represents the d_x²-y² orbital. Understanding d-orbital shapes is fundamental in chemistry, as these orbitals determine the chemical properties of transition metals, influence molecular geometry, and affect bonding patterns in coordination compounds. This knowledge is essential for predicting chemical reactivity and designing new materials with specific properties.