1.(选自2023全国甲卷) She even played some recordings of their singing, ________ was fun.
2.(选自2023北京卷) Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ________ thousands were attending a water conference.
3.(选自2021浙江卷) BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool __________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
4.(选自2020新课标III卷)In ancient China lived an artist __________ paintings were almost lifelike.
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定语从句是英语语法中的重要概念,用来修饰名词或代词。关系词的选择是定语从句的关键,需要根据先行词的性质和在从句中的语法功能来确定。关系词主要分为关系代词和关系副词两大类。关系代词包括who、whom、which、that、whose,关系副词包括when、where、why。今天我们通过四道高考真题来学习关系词的正确使用方法。
我们来看第一道题。这是2023年全国甲卷的题目。句子是:She even played some recordings of their singing, 空格 was fun。这里需要填入一个关系词。我们来分析:首先,空格前有逗号,说明这是一个非限制性定语从句。其次,关系词指代的是前面的整个主句内容,即她播放录音这件事。第三,关系词在从句中作主语,因为后面跟的是was fun。在非限制性定语从句中,which可以指代前面的整个句子,并且可以作主语。因此答案是which。
接下来看第二道题,这是2023年北京卷的题目。句子是:Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, 空格 thousands were attending a water conference。我们来分析:首先,先行词是Chicago,这是一个地点名词。其次,从句thousands were attending a water conference结构完整,有主语thousands,有谓语were attending,有宾语a water conference,不缺任何成分。第三,空格处需要的是地点状语,表示在芝加哥这个地方。where是关系副词,专门用来指代地点,在从句中作地点状语。因此答案是where。
现在我们来看第三题和第四题。第三题是2021年浙江卷:BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 空格 gives an indication。这里先行词是measurement tool,是事物。从句缺少主语,因为gives前面没有主语。在限制性定语从句中,that可以指代事物并作主语,所以答案是that。第四题是2020年新课标三卷:In ancient China lived an artist 空格 paintings were almost lifelike。这里先行词是artist,是人。从句中paintings前面需要一个表示所有关系的词,说明这些画是这位艺术家的。whose是所有格关系代词,表示所有关系,所以答案是whose。
通过这四道题,我们总结出关系词选择的三个步骤。第一步,确定先行词的性质:如果是人,考虑who、whom、whose;如果是物,考虑which、that、whose;如果是地点,考虑where;如果是时间,考虑when。第二步,分析从句结构:如果从句缺主语,用who、which或that;如果缺宾语,用whom、which或that;如果缺定语,用whose;如果缺状语,用where、when或why。第三步,考虑从句类型:限制性定语从句中,that通常优先;非限制性定语从句中,用which或who。掌握这三个步骤,就能准确选择关系词。本次四道题的答案分别是:which、where、that、whose。