标题:The extent of lymph node dissection is not associated with disease-free survival following lobar or sublobar resection: results from CALGB 140503 (Alliance) 发表日期:2025.06.04 图片 摘要 目的:临床 I期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者淋巴结清扫(LAD)的范围存在争议。CALGB 140503将临床分期为IA期的外周型NSCLC患者随机分为肺叶切除(LR)或亚肺叶切除(SLR)组,并通过2个纵隔和1个肺门淋巴结的冰冻切片检查证实无淋巴结转移。根据外科医生的判断决定淋巴结切除范围,包括简单采样(S)、系统采样(SS)或完全淋巴结清扫(CLND)。在此,我们报告了该试验中LAD范围对无病生存率和无复发生存率(DFS和RFS)的影响。 方法:在2007年6月至2017年3月期间,697名患者被随机分配到LR(357)或SLR(340)。关于淋巴结清扫范围的数据在689名患者中可用:182名患者进行了CLND,349名患者进行了SS,158名患者进行了S。DFS定义为肺癌(LC)复发或全因死亡的时间。RFS定义为LC复发或因LC死亡的时间。生存终点使用Kaplan-Meier方法估计。分层Cox比例风险(PH)模型估计了风险比及其置信区间(CI)。 结果:基线特征在各组之间一般相似。CLND后5年DFS为62.3%(95%CI:55.2-70.4%),SS后为65.7%(95%CI:60.7-71.2%),S后为61.2%(95%CI:53.7-69.7%)。根据淋巴结清扫范围,LR和SLR的DFS无统计学差异。CLND患者中,LR后5年DFS为65.7%(95%CI:56.4-76.6%),SLR后为58.5%(95%CI:48.2-71.1%)(p=0.530)。S/SS患者中,LR后5年DFS为63.5%(95%CI:57.6-70.0%),SLR后为65.1%(95%CI:59.2-71.6%)。CLND组患者5年RFS为72.5%(95%CI:63.5-82.9%)和68.9%(95%CI:59.0-80.5%)(p=0.526)。S/SS组患者5年RFS为70.8%(95%CI:65.0-77.0%)和70.2%(95%CI:64.4-76.5%)(p=0.604)。两组系统复发或孤立性肺门、纵隔或锁骨上淋巴结复发的发生率无差异。 结论:对于无纵隔和肺门淋巴结转移的外周型临床IA 期NSCLC患者,淋巴结切除范围对DFS或RFS没有影响,无论实质切除范围如何。我们的研究结果仅适用于通过细致的放射学检查和术中淋巴结分期被认为无淋巴结转移的患者 关键词:肺癌,淋巴结清扫,生存率。 引言 纵隔淋巴结清扫是早期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)手术治疗的重要组成部分,但临床Ⅰ期患者纵隔淋巴结清扫的范围存在争议。这种争议反映在各种胸科协会的指南中。例如,美国胸外科协会最近的专家共识文件指出,足够的肿瘤切除需要阴性手术边缘(R0)以及完整的淋巴结评估,定义为采样三个纵隔和至少一个N1淋巴结站。该淋巴结评估声明主要基于美国外科医师学会癌症委员会关于肺叶切除术治疗意向的标准建议。相比之下,欧洲胸外科协会于2006年发布的指南(至今未变)指出,系统性(根治性)淋巴结清扫术在所有病例中均被推荐。据我们所知,两项随机试验直接比较临床T1N0患者行系统性淋巴结采样与根治性纵隔淋巴结清扫术的预后。尽管两个试验中淋巴结采样的范围略有不同,但两种淋巴结评估策略在总体生存率和无病生存率方面没有差异。有趣的是,Brunelli等人最近发表了一项调查结果,以确定胸外科医生对周围型、直径≤1.5 cm的实体癌的手术治疗的个人偏好。在来自32个国家的128名胸外科医生中,大多数受访者(72%)倾向于根治性淋巴结清扫而非淋巴结采样。 在最近报道的比较肺叶切除和亚肺叶切除治疗外周型NSCLC≤2 cm的随机试验中,研究者采用了不同的淋巴结评估策略。在JCOG 0802中,必须进行完全或选择性纵隔淋巴结清扫;不允许采样。在CALGB 140503中,淋巴结清扫的程度由外科医生自行决定;然而,入组标准要求确认右侧肿瘤的4、7和10站以及左侧肿瘤的5或6、7和10站的N0状态。由于入组标准仅要求评估两个N2站,因此对试验中淋巴结评估的整体质量和其对肿瘤学结局的潜在影响存在一些担忧。在这里,我们报告了CALGB 140503中淋巴结清扫范围(LAD)对无病生存期(DFS)、无复发生存期(RFS)和复发模式的影响。 方法 研究设计与患者:癌症和白血病组B(CALGB,现为临床试验联盟)140503是一项多中心、国际性、随机、非劣效性III期试验,针对临床分期为T1aN0的NSCLC患者,基于TNM分期系统的第七版。如果患者符合术前入组标准,且在符合术中入组标准后随机分组,患者将被纳入试验。术前入组标准之前已报道。简而言之,如果患者在CT扫描中发现周围肺结节,其实心成分直径小于等于2 cm,且被假定或证实为NSCLC,则患者被登记为试验对象。纯磨玻璃样结节或病理证实为N1或N2的患者不符合条件。手术期间的入选标准包括组织学确认非小细胞肺癌=和通过冷冻切片检查确认N0状态(对于右侧肿瘤:4、7和10站淋巴结;对于左侧肿瘤:5或6、7和10站淋巴结)。在最终手术前 6 周内通过纵隔镜或支气管内超声采样的淋巴结无需再次采样。 随机化和盲法:符合条件的患者使用OPEN注册系统进行预注册,该系统是一个基于网络的系统,用于将患者纳入国家癌症研究所赞助的合作小组临床试验。在术中确认符合资格后,患者接受随机化(1:1)到肺叶切除或亚肺叶切除。根据放射学肿瘤大小(<1 cm,1-1.5 cm,vs.>1.5-2.0 cm)、组织学(鳞状细胞癌、腺癌和其他)和吸烟状况(从未、先前和当前)进行分层的随机化方案。亚肺叶切除术(楔形切除术或肺段切除术)的类型和手术方法的选择(开胸手术或视频辅助胸腔镜手术或机器人辅助手术)由外科医生自行决定。手术后,患者在一年内每六个月进行一次CT扫描,然后每年进行一次,最少随访五年。在随后的试验修订中,放射学随访改为两年内每六个月进行一次CT扫描,随后5年内每年检查一次(手术后随访七年)。 淋巴结切除范围:CALGB 140503中LAD的范围,除了随机化所需的简单采样外,由外科医生自行决定。试验的病例报告表(CRFs)中,LAD被分为简单采样(S)、系统采样(SS)或完全淋巴结清扫(CLND)。简单抽样是指抽取两个N2站和一个N1站(随机化所需的最低要求)。系统抽样是指抽取两个以上N2站和一个N1站。完全(根治性)纵隔淋巴结清扫术是指完全切除上、中、下纵隔站的所有淋巴结组织。本报告根据外科医生或其指定人员输入的病例报告表,提取了每个患者LAD的范围。未审查原始文件。每个病例中解剖的N2和N1淋巴结站的数量也从病例报告表中提取。 研究终点:本次分析的主要终点是确定淋巴结切除的范围对DFS的影响。次要终点包括确定各组间总生存期(OS)、RFS和疾病复发率的差异。DFS定义为随机化和疾病复发或所有原因死亡之间的时间,以先发生者为准。未发生无病生存事件的患者在最后一次随访时被截断。总生存期定义为从随机化到任何原因死亡的时间。存活的患者在最后一次随访时被截断。RFS定义为从随机化到任何疾病复发或因肺癌死亡的时间。未发生复发的患者在死亡或最后一次临床随访时被截断。我们之前曾根据实质切除范围报告了局部区域复发的发生率。在这里,我们报告了淋巴结复发的发生率,包括孤立性肺门淋巴结复发、伴有或不伴有肺门疾病的纵隔淋巴结复发、锁骨上淋巴结复发和任何全身性复发。根据不良事件通用术语标准4.0版对所有三组病例报告表中的主要手术并发症进行了摘要。 统计分析:CALGB 140503的这一临时分析重点是根据LAD的范围对生存和复发的差异进行分析。使用Kruskal-Wallis检验比较连续变量的基线特征,使用卡方检验比较大多数分类变量。因为预期计数较低(<5),使用Fisher’s Exact检验比较N分期。所有报告的p值均为双侧,未进行多重性调整,p值小于0.05被认为具有统计学意义。所有统计分析均由联盟研究统计学家和统计程序员进行,数据于2022年6月21日锁定。数据管理和统计分析在SAS 9.4中进行,图形在R 4.4.2中生成。 结果 在2007年6月15日至2017年3月13日之间,697名患者符合术前和术中入选标准,并被随机分配到肺叶切除术(357名患者)或亚肺叶切除术(340名患者)组。689名患者记录了淋巴结清扫范围的数据。182名患者进行了CLND,349名患者进行了系统采样,158名患者进行了简单采样(图1)。 图片 基线特征,包括人口学、临床和病理变量,如表1所示,各组之间基本平衡。然而,鳞状细胞癌在CLND组中更常见,腺癌在系统采样组中更常见。此外,尽管两组间肺叶和亚肺叶切除术的分布相似,但系统采样组更常进行肺段切除术,而简单采样组更常进行楔形切除术。在接受CLND的患者中,检查的N2站中位数为3个,接受SS的患者中为2个,仅接受S的患者中为2个。在接受CLND治疗的患者中,清扫N1站点的中位数为2个,在接受SS治疗的患者中为2个,在仅接受S治疗的患者中为1个(表1)。总体而言,有23例患者(3.3%)在出现N1分期上调。CLND术后患者的N1分期上调发生率为4.9%,SS术后为3.2%,单纯采样术后为1.9%(p =0.352)。N2分期上调发生在9例患者(1.3%)中,组间差异无统计学意义。3/4级手术不良事件在各组间相似,具体情况见补充表1。 图片 图片 无病生存期:经过中位随访7年,本研究的主要终点无病生存期(DFS)在三种淋巴结清扫术中相似。完全淋巴结清扫术(CLND)后的5年DFS为62.3%,前哨淋巴结活检术(SS)后为65.7%,单纯手术(S)后为61.2%(图2A)。此外,当SS组和S组合并时,采样组患者的5年DFS与接受CLND的患者没有差异(图2B)。鉴于这些结果,所有后续的DFS分析都使用合并的SS组和S组进行,这些组随后统称为淋巴结采样组。基于LAD的程度,试验中肺叶和亚肺叶切除臂的DFS没有差异(图2C, 2D)。CLND患者在LR后的5年DFS为65.7% (95%CI: 56.4 ~ 76.6%), SLR后的5年DFS为58.5% (95%CI: 48.2 ~ 71.1%) (p=0.530)。S/SS患者在LR后的5年DFS为63.5% (95%CI: 57.6 - 70.0%), SLR后的5年DFS为65.1% (95%CI: 59.2 - 71.6%)。此外,在试验的每一组(肺叶切除和亚肺叶切除)中,基于淋巴结清扫程度的DFS没有差异。肺叶切除后,CLND后5年DFS为65.7%,淋巴结采样(SS+S)后为63.5%(图2E)。同样,在亚肺叶切除后,CLND患者与淋巴结采样组患者的5年DFS无显著差异(图2F)。对于总生存率,所有分析的结果均与DFS的结果相同(补充图1A-1F)。 图片 图2.根据淋巴结切除范围(2A和2B)和实质切除范围(LR vs SLR)(2C和2D)以及试验的每个臂(2E和2F)的无病生存期。 无复发生存期:对于整个队列,三种淋巴结切除术的RFS相似(图3A)。CNLD组5年RFS为70.9%,SS组为72.8%,S组为65.4%(p= 0.158)。此外,当SS组和S组合并时,采样组患者的5年RFS与接受CLND的患者之间没有差异(图3B)。根据这些结果,所有后续的RFS分析均使用合并的SS组和S组进行。基于实质切除程度,CLND和淋巴结采样后的RFS没有差异(图3C, 3D)。此外,在肺叶切除后,CLND后的五年RFS为72.5%,淋巴结采样后的五年RFS为70.8%(图3E)。亚肺叶切除术后的五年RFS在CLND后为68.9%,在淋巴结采样后为70.2%(图3F)。在进行亚肺叶切除术和CLND的患者中,楔形切除术后的五年RFS为69.9%,肺段切除术后的五年RFS为67.4%(图4A)。淋巴结采样后,楔形切除术和肺段切除术的五年RFS分别为69.1%和68.7%(图4B)。 图片 图3. 根据淋巴结切除范围(3A和3B)和实质切除范围(LR vs SLR)(3C和3D)以及试验的每个臂(3E和3F)的无复发生存率。 图片 图4. 根据淋巴结清扫分层的楔形切除和肺段切除术后无复发生存率。 在对可能与RFS相关的变量(包括年龄、性别、肿瘤位置、组织学类型、吸烟史、肿瘤大小和ECOG表现状态评分)的多变量探索性分析中,只有当前吸烟史与较差的RFS显著相关(HR 1.49 p=0.009)(图5)。LAD的范围和实质切除的范围都不是RFS的重要预测因子。然而,肿瘤大于1.5 cm可能会导致更差的RFS (HR;1.33, p=0.052)。 图片 图5. 无复发生存的多变量探索性分析。 复发模式:表2显示了三组LAD的复发模式。大多数复发是全身性的。孤立性肺门淋巴结,伴或不伴肺门淋巴结转移的纵膈淋巴结转移以及锁骨上淋巴结转移的发生率均无组间差异。CLND术后单独肺门淋巴结复发率为7.7%,SS术后为4%,S术后为5.7% (p=0.221)。伴或不伴肺门复发的纵隔淋巴结复发伴的比例分别为7.7%、8.3%和7% (p=0.828)。 图片 表2.不同淋巴结清扫方式的复发差异 讨论 在对CALGB 140503进行的回顾性非计划分析中,我们发现,对于临床影像学检查无淋巴结转移且通过病理(检查两个N2和一个N1淋巴结)证实无转移的早期(≤2cm)外周型NSCLC患者,完全淋巴结切除和淋巴结采样有着相似的肿瘤学结果。具体而言,我们发现无论在无病生存率、总生存率、无复发生存率还是全身性或淋巴结复发率方面,完全淋巴结清扫术、系统性采样和简单采样之间均无显著差异。值得注意的是,尽管CLND组N1升期率较高,但肺门和纵隔复发的发生率无组件差异。我们的结果与美国外科肿瘤学协会(ACOSOG)Z0030试验的调查员报告的结果基本一致。在该试验中,通过冰冻切片检查(检查部位包括肺门站和三个纵隔淋巴结站)确认无淋巴结转移后,临床分期为T1/T2-N0的患者被随机分配到淋巴结采样或淋巴结清扫组。中位随访6.5年后,纵隔淋巴结采样组和纵隔淋巴结清扫组的5年无病生存率分别为69%和68%。局部、区域或远处复发无组间差异。研究者得出结论,与系统性淋巴结采样相比,早期非小细胞肺癌患者行根治性纵隔淋巴结清扫术并未改善生存率。 尽管ACOSOG Z0030和CALGB140503在试验设计上存在一些相似之处,例如需要术中对淋巴结站进行冰冻切片检查,但两者的纳入标准和肺切除范围存在重要差异。CALGB 140503仅纳入了接受肺叶或亚肺叶切除术的外周型NSCLC≤2 cm的患者,而Z0030纳入了中央型和外周型T1-T2N0癌症,其中93%接受了肺叶或更大范围的切除术。这些差异可能至少部分地导致了CALGB 140503中隐匿性纵隔淋巴结转移的发生率(1.3%)低于Z0030试验 (4%)。在 Sugi 等人报道的一项较小的试验中,115 名直径< 2 cm 的外周型NSCLC患者被随机分配到淋巴结采样或淋巴结清扫组,随后接受了肺叶切除术再次,调查人员发现两种淋巴结切除术在生存率和复发率上没有差异。重要的是,我们还发现,对于接受淋巴结采样或完全淋巴结切除的患者,基于实质切除范围(肺叶切除或亚肺叶切除)的DFS或RFS没有差异。此外,接受肺叶切除术的患者,无论淋巴结切除范围如何,DFS和RFS均相似。同样,接受亚肺叶切除术的患者,无论淋巴结切除范围如何,DFS和RFS均相似。我们同样发现,楔形切除术和肺段切除术的患者的预后均不受淋巴结评估范围的影响。 需要强调的是,本研究的结果仅适用于临床影像学检查无淋巴结转移且术中冰冻切片病理检查未发现N1和N2转移的患者。这一标准引起了人们对研究结果在非临床试验或“现实世界”环境中适用性的担忧。然而,应该强调的是,N1和N2淋巴结站的术中冷冻切片要求与肺癌研究小组(LCSG)以及ACOSOG Z030研究者的要求一致。此外,胸外科医生通常使用术中冷冻切片来诊断小的周围肺结节并评估切除边缘。然而,冰冻切片的需求增加了手术室的工作量,可能需要额外的资源分配。此外,LCSG试验、ACOSOG Z030以及CALGB 140503试验都是在当前更敏感的PET-CT成像技术得到广泛使用之前设计的。对于外周T1(≤2 cm)肿瘤患者,当前一代PET-CT成像对纵隔淋巴结疾病的阴性预测值在94-97%范围内。尽管PET/CT扫描联合临床检查可合理地排除临床无淋巴结转移的外周型NSCLC≤2 cm患者,但随后的肺切除术必须伴有适当的淋巴结清扫。我们的结果表明,淋巴结采样(简单采样或系统采样)和淋巴结清扫都是淋巴结评估的可接受方式,并与发病率和肿瘤学结果相关。 本研究存在一些局限性。首先,淋巴结采样与淋巴结清扫的比较有效性不是CALGB 140503试验的预设终点。因此,这种回顾性分析的结果可能受到隐藏的、未被识别的变量的偏倚的影响。其次,该研究没有具体描述淋巴结清扫或采样的技术细节,这超出随机化所需的范围。鉴于手术实践的可预测异质性,我们无法在手术医生在病例报告表中未对此进行确认的情况下,明确地将患者分配到采样组或彻底清扫组。尽管存在这些局限性,但这一研究结果显示在大概率无淋巴结转移的患者中,对阴性淋巴结进行扩展切除与改善生存率或减少疾病复发无关。 3分钟视频讲解的结构和内容建议: 视频开场(前10秒) 标题显示:"淋巴结清扫范围与无病生存率: CALGB 140503研究" 开场画面:展示研究实验室或医疗影像的动态背景,搭配简介画外音。 引言(30秒) 画外音概述研究背景: "淋巴结清扫在I期非小细胞肺癌治疗中的作用存在争议。本研究旨在探讨不同淋巴结清扫范围对患者无病生存期(DFS)和无复发生存期(RFS)的影响。" 研究方法(40秒) 动画演示:解释研究的随机分组设计。 "697名患者根据手术方式被随机分组为肺叶切除(LR)和亚肺叶切除(SLR)。" 图表展示:三个淋巴结清扫范围的定义(S、SS、CLND)。 关键结果(60秒) 数据可视化:使用生存曲线图展示不同组的DFS和RFS。 "结果显示,5年后,不同淋巴结清扫范围之间的DFS和RFS无显著差异。" 复发模式插图:展示复发类型和发生率。 "不论是孤立性淋巴结复发还是全身性复发,各组间差异均不显著。" 结论和启示(30秒) 画外音总结: "结论是,对于无明确淋巴结转移的早期NSCLC患者,淋巴结清扫范围对生存率没有显著影响。这些结果为手术选择提供了重要参考,但仅适用于经过细致放射学和术中确认无淋巴结转移的患者。" 收尾(10秒) 结束画面:展示研究名称和发表日期,以及感谢观众观看。 背景音乐渐渐淡出。 视觉和音效建议 背景音乐:使用柔和的背景音乐以保持观众的专注。 音效:重要数据和结论出现时,使用轻微的音效来强化信息。 通过这个简洁的视频结构和动态视觉效果,观众将在3分钟内获取研究的关键要点和结论。---Journal Title: The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Journal Abbreviation/Logo: JTCVS (with AATS logo) Navigation Menu: Articles, Publish, Topics, Multimedia, About, Contact Article Type: FULL LENGTH ARTICLE Publication Status: Articles in Press Publication Date: June 16, 2025 Article Title: The extent of lymph node dissection is not associated with disease-free survival following lobar or sublobar resection: results from CALGB 140503 (Alliance) Authors: Nasser Altorki, MD ¹ Bryce Damman, MS ² Xiaofei Wang, PhD ³ ... Kazuhiro Yasufuku, MD PhD ⁸ Matthew J. Schuchert, MD ⁹ Thomas E. Stinchcombe, MD ¹⁰ ... Show more Links/Actions: Affiliations & Notes Article Info Linked Articles (1) Get Access (Button) Cite Share Set Alert Get Rights Reprints Watermark/Overlay: 公众号 · Thoracic-Surgery **Diagram Description:** The image contains a medical research diagram illustrating treatment pathways and outcomes for patients with Peripheral NSCLC T1a/T1bN0 ≤ 2 cm. * **Initial Patient Group:** Labeled "Peripheral NSCLC T1a/T1bN0 ≤ 2 cm". * **Treatment Arms:** Two main paths branching from the initial group: * "Lobectomy n=357" (labeled in dark blue). An arrow points from the initial group to this box. * "Sublobar n=340" (labeled in dark red). An arrow points from the initial group to this box. * **Exploratory Analysis:** A label "Exploratory analysis" is centered above a downward arrow, indicating a subsequent analysis phase. This analysis seems to be applied to patients from both treatment arms, as indicated by curved lines extending from the "Lobectomy" and "Sublobar" boxes and converging towards a set of circles. * **Lymph Node Management Categories:** Three categories within the exploratory analysis, each represented by a blue rectangle and an adjacent circle with a number: * "Lymph node dissection" with the number 182 in an adjacent circle. * "Systematic sampling" with the number 349 in an adjacent circle. * "Simple sampling" with the number 158 in an adjacent circle. * **Endpoints:** A label "Endpoints: primary: DFS, secondary: RFS, incidence of recurrence" is located below the flowchart section. **Chart Description:** To the right of the flowchart is a survival curve chart. * **Type:** Survival curve (likely Kaplan-Meier). * **Title:** Disease-free Survival. * **Y-axis:** Survival Probability, scaled from 0% to 100%. * **X-axis:** Time from randomization (Years), scaled from 0 to 7. * **Legend:** "LN Dissection Type" with three lines representing different types: Complete (light blue/cyan), Systematic (red/orange), Simple (green). * **Statistical Test Result:** Stratified log-rank: p = 0.300. * **Table below the chart:** A table providing numerical data for the survival curves. * **Headers:** LN Dissection Type, n, Events, HR (95% CI), 5-year Sur (95% CI) * **Data Rows:** * Complete, 182, 75, reference, 82.3% (76.2-87.0%) * Systematic, 349, 129, 0.87 (0.64-1.17), 65.7% (60.7-71.2%) * Simple, 158, 75, 1.06 (0.78-1.53), 61.2% (53.7-69.7%) **Other Text:** * 公众号: Thoracic-Surgery (located in the bottom right corner). Table: Table 1: Baseline Demographic and clinical characteristics Column Headers: Node dissection (CLND) (N=182) Systematic sampling (SS) (N=349) Simple sampling (S) (N=158) Total (N=689) P-value Row Data: Age (Years) Median (Range): 69.1 (43.2, 89.7), 67.8 (43.1, 88.9), 66.7 (46.8, 85.2), 67.8 (43.1, 89.7), 0.2057 Gender, n (%) Male: 81 (44.5%), 145 (41.5%), 66 (41.8%), 292 (42.4%), 0.7946 Female: 101 (55.5%), 204 (58.5%), 92 (58.2%), 397 (57.6%) ECOG Performance Status, n (%) 0: 138 (75.8%), 249 (71.3%), 119 (75.3%), 506 (73.4%), 0.4494 1 and 2: 44 (24.2%), 100 (28.7%), 39 (24.7%), 183 (26.6%) Tumor Size (cm), n (%) <1.0: 14 (7.7%), 27 (7.7%), 17 (10.8%), 58 (8.4%), 0.6427 1.0-1.5: 90 (49.5%), 185 (53.0%), 75 (47.5%), 350 (50.8%) >1.5-2.0: 78 (42.9%), 137 (39.3%), 66 (41.8%), 281 (40.8%) Smoking Status, n (%) Never: 15 (8.2%), 32 (9.2%), 15 (9.5%), 62 (9.0%), 0.5505 Former: 100 (54.9%), 174 (49.9%), 72 (45.6%), 346 (50.2%) Current: 67 (36.8%), 143 (41.0%), 71 (44.9%), 281 (40.8%) Treatment Randomized to, n (%) Lobectomy: 96 (52.7%), 179 (51.3%), 78 (49.4%), 353 (51.2%), 0.8238 Sublobar resection: 86 (47.3%), 170 (48.7%), 80 (50.6%), 336 (48.8%) Surgery Received, n (%) Lobectomy: 96 (52.7%), 185 (53.0%), 77 (48.7%), 358 (52.0%), 0.0123 Wedge Resection: 58 (31.9%), 84 (24.1%), 58 (36.7%), 200 (29.0%) Segmentectomy: 28 (15.4%), 80 (22.9%), 23 (14.6%), 131 (19.0%) Histology, n (%) Squamous Cell Carcinoma: 44 (24.2%), 30 (8.6%), 24 (15.2%), 98 (14.2%), <.0001 Adenocarcinoma: 101 (55.5%), 256 (73.4%), 80 (50.6%), 437 (63.4%) Other: 37 (20.3%), 63 (18.1%), 54 (34.2%), 154 (22.4%) Forced Expiratory Volume 1 (Percent Predicted FEV 1) Median (Range): 84.0 (37.0, 146.0), 83.0 (2.0, 141.0), 84.0 (2.0, 140.0), 83.0 (2.0, 146.0), 0.5836 Pathological T stage, n (%) T1: 153 (84.1%), 283 (81.3%), 128 (81.5%), 564 (82.1%), 0.9490 T2: 26 (14.3%), 57 (16.4%), 26 (16.6%), 109 (15.9%) T3: 2 (1.1%), 7 (2.0%), 2 (1.3%), 11 (1.6%) T4: 1 (0.5%), 1 (0.3%), 1 (0.6%), 3 (0.4%) Pathological N stage, n (%) N0: 172 (94.5%), 330 (94.8%), 153 (97.5%), 655 (95.3%), 0.3521 N1: 9 (4.9%), 11 (3.2%), 3 (1.9%), 23 (3.3%) N2: 1 (0.5%), 7 (2.0%), 1 (0.6%), 9 (1.3%) Number of Nodal station excision N1: Median (IQR): 2 (1, 2), 2 (1, 2), 1 (1, 2), ---, --- N2: Median (IQR): 3 (2, 3), 2 (2, 3), 2 (2, 3), ---, --- Footnote: Missing: 2 [T] and 2 [N] entries, from (SS) and (S) cohorts. Journal Pre-proof **Figure Description:** The image contains six subplots (labeled A, B, C, D, E, F), each displaying a Kaplan-Meier survival curve and associated data tables. The Y-axis for all plots represents "Survival Probability" ranging from 0% to 100%. The X-axis for all plots represents "Time from randomization (Years)" ranging from 0 to 8 years, with markers at each year. Below each plot is a table showing the number of patients "No. at risk" at different time points (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 years) for each group represented in the survival curve. Each subplot also includes a legend indicating the groups being compared and a table summarizing key statistics: n (number of patients), nEvents (number of events), HR (Hazard Ratio) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI), and 5-year Survival (Surv.) with 95% CI. **Subplot A:** * **Legend:** LN Dissection Type: Complete, Systematic, Simple * **Chart Type:** Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve * **X-axis Label:** Time from randomization (Years) * **Y-axis Label:** Survival Probability * **Stratified log rank:** p = 0.306 * **Summary Table:** * | LN Dissection Type | n | nEvents | HR (95% CI) | 5-year Surv. (95% CI) | * |--------------------|-----|---------|-------------------|-----------------------| * | Complete | 182 | 75 | reference | 62.3% (55.2 - 70.4%) | * | Systematic | 349 | 129 | 0.87 (0.64 - 1.17) | 65.7% (60.7 - 71.2%) | * | Simple | 158 | 73 | 1.09 (0.78 - 1.52) | 61.2% (53.7 - 69.7%) | * **No. at risk Table:** * | | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | * | Complete | 182 | 153 | 131 | 117 | 101 | 79 | 53 | 30 | 3 | * | Systematic | 349 | 306 | 272 | 240 | 208 | 188 | 146 | 96 | 8 | * | Simple | 158 | 136 | 121 | 105 | 95 | 78 | 54 | 31 | 0 | **Subplot B:** * **Legend:** LN Dissection Type: Complete, Sampling * **Chart Type:** Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve * **X-axis Label:** Time from randomization (Years) * **Y-axis Label:** Survival Probability * **Stratified log rank:** p = 0.671 * **Summary Table:** * | LN Dissection Type | n | nEvents | HR (95% CI) | 5-year Surv. (95% CI) | * |--------------------|-----|---------|-------------------|-----------------------| * | Complete | 182 | 75 | reference | 62.3% (55.2 - 70.4%) | * | Sampling | 507 | 202 | 0.94 (0.71 - 1.24) | 64.3% (60.0 - 68.8%) | * **No. at risk Table:** * | | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | * | Complete | 182 | 153 | 131 | 117 | 101 | 79 | 53 | 30 | 3 | * | Sampling | 507 | 442 | 393 | 345 | 303 | 266 | 200 | 127 | 8 | **Subplot C:** * **Legend:** Arm: Lobar, Sublobar * **Chart Type:** Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve * **X-axis Label:** Time from randomization (Years) * **Y-axis Label:** Survival Probability * **Stratified log rank:** p = 0.530 * **Summary Table:** * | Arm | n | nEvents | HR (95% CI) | 5-year Surv. (95% CI) | * |---------|----|---------|--------------------|-----------------------| * | Lobar | 96 | 36 | reference | 65.7% (56.4 - 76.6%) | * | Sublobar| 86 | 39 | 1.17 (0.71 - 1.93) | 58.5% (48.2 - 71.1%) | * **No. at risk Table:** * | | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | * | Lobar | 96 | 82 | 71 | 66 | 56 | 41 | 28 | 16 | 2 | * | Sublobar | 86 | 71 | 60 | 51 | 45 | 38 | 25 | 14 | 1 | **Subplot D:** * **Legend:** Arm: Lobar, Sublobar * **Chart Type:** Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve * **X-axis Label:** Time from randomization (Years) * **Y-axis Label:** Survival Probability * **Stratified log rank:** p = 0.817 * **Summary Table:** * | Arm | n | nEvents | HR (95% CI) | 5-year Surv. (95% CI) | * |---------|-----|---------|--------------------|-----------------------| * | Lobar | 257 | 105 | reference | 63.5% (57.6 - 70.0%) | * | Sublobar| 250 | 97 | 0.97 (0.73 - 1.28) | 65.1% (59.2 - 71.6%) | * **No. at risk Table:** * | | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | * | Lobar | 257 | 226 | 203 | 178 | 151 | 133 | 103 | 64 | 3 | * | Sublobar | 250 | 216 | 190 | 167 | 152 | 133 | 97 | 63 | 5 | **Subplot E:** * **Legend:** LN Dissection Type: Complete, Sampling * **Chart Type:** Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve * **X-axis Label:** Time from randomization (Years) * **Y-axis Label:** Survival Probability * **Stratified log rank:** p = 0.797 * **Summary Table:** * | LN Dissection Type | n | nEvents | HR (95% CI) | 5-year Surv. (95% CI) | * |--------------------|----|---------|--------------------|-----------------------| * | Complete | 96 | 36 | reference | 65.7% (56.4 - 76.6%) | * | Sampling | 257| 105 | 1.05 (0.70 - 1.58) | 63.5% (57.6 - 70.0%) | * **No. at risk Table:** * | | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | * | Complete | 96 | 82 | 71 | 66 | 56 | 41 | 28 | 16 | 2 | * | Sampling | 257 | 226 | 203 | 178 | 151 | 133 | 103 | 64 | 3 | **Subplot F:** * **Legend:** LN Dissection Type: Complete, Sampling * **Chart Type:** Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve * **X-axis Label:** Time from randomization (Years) * **Y-axis Label:** Survival Probability * **Stratified log rank:** p = 0.603 * **Summary Table:** * | LN Dissection Type | n | nEvents | HR (95% CI) | 5-year Surv. (95% CI) | * |--------------------|----|---------|--------------------|-----------------------| * | Complete | 86 | 39 | reference | 58.5% (48.2 - 71.1%) | * | Sampling | 250| 97 | 0.90 (0.59 - 1.35) | 65.1% (59.2 - 71.6%) | * **No. at risk Table:** * | | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | * | Complete | 86 | 71 | 60 | 51 | 45 | 38 | 25 | 14 | 1 | * | Sampling | 250 | 216 | 190 | 167 | 152 | 133 | 97 | 63 | 5 | **Other Relevant Text:** * Top center: "Journal Pre-proof" * Bottom right watermark: "Thoracic Surgery" (partially obscured) **Journal Pre-proof** --- **Panel A:** **Chart Description:** * Type: Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve * Main Elements: * Y-axis: Survival Probability (0% to 100%) * X-axis: Time from randomization (Years) (0 to 8) * Curves: Three survival curves representing different LN Dissection Types (Complete, Systematic, Simple). Shaded areas around the curves represent confidence intervals. * Legend: * Complete (Blue line) * Systematic (Green line) * Simple (Red/Pink line) * Statistical Information: * Stratified log-rank p = 0.158 **Table 1:** * Header: LN Dissection Type | n | nEvents | HR (95% CI) | 5-year Surv (95% CI) * Data: * Complete | 182 | 53 | reference | 70.9% (64.1 - 78.4%) * Systematic | 349 | 94 | 0.82 (0.58 - 1.16) | 72.8% (67.9 - 78.0%) * Simple | 158 | 57 | 1.14 (0.77 - 1.67) | 65.4% (58.0 - 73.8%) **Table 2 (No. at risk):** * Header: Time from randomization (Years) * Time points: 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 * Data: * Complete | 182 | 153 | 131 | 117 | 101 | 79 | 53 | 30 | 0 * Systematic | 349 | 306 | 272 | 240 | 208 | 188 | 146 | 96 | 0 * Simple | 158 | 136 | 121 | 105 | 95 | 78 | 54 | 31 | 0 --- **Panel B:** **Chart Description:** * Type: Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve * Main Elements: * Y-axis: Survival Probability (0% to 100%) * X-axis: Time from randomization (Years) (0 to 7) * Curves: Two survival curves representing different LN Dissection Types (Complete, Sampling). Shaded areas around the curves represent confidence intervals. * Legend: * Complete (Blue line) * Sampling (Green line) * Statistical Information: * Stratified log-rank p = 0.612 **Table 1:** * Header: LN Dissection Type | n | nEvents | HR (95% CI) | 5-year Surv (95% CI) * Data: * Complete | 182 | 53 | reference | 70.9% (64.1 - 78.4%) * Sampling | 507 | 151 | 0.92 (0.66 - 1.27) | 70.5% (66.3 - 74.8%) **Table 2 (No. at risk):** * Header: Time from randomization (Years) * Time points: 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 * Data: * Complete | 182 | 153 | 131 | 117 | 101 | 79 | 53 | 30 * Sampling | 507 | 442 | 393 | 345 | 303 | 266 | 200 | 127 --- **Panel C:** **Chart Description:** * Type: Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve * Main Elements: * Y-axis: Survival Probability (0% to 100%) * X-axis: Time from randomization (Years) (0 to 7) * Curves: Two survival curves representing different Arms (Lobar, Sublobar). Shaded areas around the curves represent confidence intervals. * Legend: * Lobar (Red line) * Sublobar (Cyan/Blue line) * Statistical Information: * Stratified log-rank p = 0.604 **Table 1:** * Header: Arm | n | nEvents | HR (95% CI) | 5-year Surv (95% CI) * Data: * Lobar | 257 | 76 | reference | 70.8% (65.0 - 77.0%) * Sublobar | 250 | 75 | 1.09 (0.79 - 1.51) | 70.2% (64.4 - 76.5%) **Table 2 (No. at risk):** * Header: Time from randomization (Years) * Time points: 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 * Data: * Lobar | 257 | 226 | 203 | 178 | 151 | 133 | 103 | 64 * Sublobar | 250 | 216 | 190 | 167 | 152 | 133 | 97 | 63 --- **Panel D:** **Chart Description:** * Type: Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve * Main Elements: * Y-axis: Survival Probability (0% to 100%) * X-axis: Time from randomization (Years) (0 to 7) * Curves: Two survival curves representing different Arms (Lobar, Sublobar). Shaded areas around the curves represent confidence intervals. * Legend: * Lobar (Red line) * Sublobar (Cyan/Blue line) * Statistical Information: * Stratified log-rank p = 0.526 **Table 1:** * Header: Arm | n | nEvents | HR (95% CI) | 5-year Surv (95% CI) * Data: * Lobar | 96 | 26 | reference | 72.5% (63.5 - 82.9%) * Sublobar | 86 | 27 | 1.21 (0.68 - 2.16) | 68.9% (59.0 - 80.5%) **Table 2 (No. at risk):** * Header: Time from randomization (Years) * Time points: 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 * Data: * Lobar | 96 | 82 | 71 | 66 | 56 | 41 | 28 | 16 * Sublobar | 86 | 71 | 60 | 51 | 45 | 38 | 25 | 14 --- **Panel E:** **Chart Description:** * Type: Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve * Main Elements: * Y-axis: Survival Probability (0% to 100%) * X-axis: Time from randomization (Years) (0 to 7) * Curves: Two survival curves representing different LN Dissection Types (Complete, Sampling). Shaded areas around the curves represent confidence intervals. * Legend: * Complete (Blue line) * Sampling (Green line) * Statistical Information: * Stratified log-rank p = 0.731 **Table 1:** * Header: LN Dissection Type | n | nEvents | HR (95% CI) | 5-year Surv (95% CI) * Data: * Complete | 86 | 27 | reference | 68.5% (59.0 - 80.5%) * Sampling | 250 | 75 | 0.92 (0.57 - 1.48) | 70.2% (64.4 - 76.5%) **Table 2 (No. at risk):** * Header: Time from randomization (Years) * Time points: 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 * Data: * Complete | 86 | 71 | 60 | 51 | 45 | 38 | 25 | 14 * Sampling | 250 | 216 | 190 | 167 | 152 | 133 | 97 | 63 --- **Panel F:** **Chart Description:** * Type: Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve * Main Elements: * Y-axis: Survival Probability (0% to 100%) * X-axis: Time from randomization (Years) (0 to 7) * Curves: Two survival curves representing different LN Dissection Types (Complete, Sampling). Shaded areas around the curves represent confidence intervals. * Legend: * Complete (Blue line) * Sampling (Green line) * Statistical Information: * Stratified log-rank p = 0.838 **Table 1:** * Header: LN Dissection Type | n | nEvents | HR (95% CI) | 5-year Surv (95% CI) * Data: * Complete | 96 | 26 | reference | 72.5% (63.5 - 82.9%) * Sampling | 257 | 76 | 0.95 (0.60 - 1.52) | 70.8% (65.0 - 77.0%) **Table 2 (No. at risk):** * Header: Time from randomization (Years) * Time points: 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 * Data: * Complete | 96 | 82 | 71 | 66 | 56 | 41 | 28 | 16 * Sampling | 257 | 226 | 203 | 178 | 151 | 133 | 103 | 64 Chart Description: The image contains two Kaplan-Meier survival plots, labeled A and B, displayed side-by-side. **Plot A:** * **Type:** Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve. * **Main Elements:** * **X-axis:** Labeled "Time from randomization (Years)", ranging from 0 to 7 with tick marks at integer years. * **Y-axis:** Labeled "Survival Probability", ranging from 0% to 100% with tick marks every 25%. * **Curves:** Two survival curves representing "Procedure". A blue line represents "Wedge", and a green line represents "Segment". Both curves show decreasing survival probability over time. * **Shaded Areas:** Shaded regions surrounding each curve represent the 95% confidence interval. The blue shaded area corresponds to the "Wedge" curve, and the green shaded area corresponds to the "Segment" curve. * **Legend:** Indicates that the blue line represents "Wedge" and the green line represents "Segment". * **Small Table (within plot area):** * Headers: Procedure, n, nEvents, HR (95% CI), 5-year Surv. (95% CI) * Data Rows: * Wedge: 58, 18, reference, 69.9% (58.1 - 84.0%) * Segment: 28, 9, 1.02 (0.42 - 2.46), 67.4% (51.0 - 89.0%) * **Log-rank test result:** Stratified log rank: p = 0.963 * **No. at risk table (below plot):** * Header: No. at risk * Data Rows: * Wedge: 58, 48, 39, 34, 29, 25, 14, 8 (values at times 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 years) * Segment: 28, 23, 21, 17, 16, 13, 11, 6 (values at times 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 years) **Plot B:** * **Type:** Kaplan-Meier Survival Curve. * **Main Elements:** * **X-axis:** Labeled "Time from randomization (Years)", ranging from 0 to 7 with tick marks at integer years. * **Y-axis:** Labeled "Survival Probability", ranging from 0% to 100% with tick marks every 25%. * **Curves:** Two survival curves representing "Procedure". A blue line represents "Wedge", and a green line represents "Segment". Both curves show decreasing survival probability over time. * **Shaded Areas:** Shaded regions surrounding each curve represent the 95% confidence interval. The blue shaded area corresponds to the "Wedge" curve, and the green shaded area corresponds to the "Segment" curve. * **Legend:** Indicates that the blue line represents "Wedge" and the green line represents "Segment". * **Small Table (within plot area):** * Headers: Procedure, n, nEvents, HR (95% CI), 5-year Surv. (95% CI) * Data Rows: * Wedge: 142, 45, reference, 69.1% (61.5 - 77.6%) * Segment: 103, 32, 1.11 (0.69 - 1.79), 68.7% (59.8 - 78.9%) * **Log-rank test result:** Stratified log rank: p = 0.677 * **No. at risk table (below plot):** * Header: No. at risk * Data Rows: * Wedge: 142, 124, 110, 100, 90, 76, 57, 38 (values at times 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 years) * Segment: 103, 89, 77, 65, 58, 53, 38, 24 (values at times 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 years) Other Relevant Text: * Journal Pre-proof (watermark at the top) * 公众号: 胸外科 Thoracic Surgery (logo/watermark at the bottom right) Table Title: Table 2: Patterns of recurrence across types of nodal dissection Table Content: | Site of recurrence | Complete (n = 182) | Systematic (n = 349) | Simple (n = 158) | P-value¹ | | :----------------------- | :----------------- | :------------------- | :--------------- | :------- | | Hilar nodes n(%) | 14 (7.7%) | 14 (4.0%) | 9 (5.7%) | 0.221 | | Mediastinal nodes n(%) | 14 (7.7%) | 29 (8.3%) | 11 (7.0%) | 0.828 | | Supraclavicular nodes n(%) | 1 (0.5%) | 4 (1.1%) | 3 (1.9%) | 0.518 | | Any distant n(%) | 28 (15.4%) | 51 (14.6%) | 30 (19.0%) | 0.511 | Footnote: ¹Chi-square test Other Text: 公众号: Thoracic-Surgery

视频信息