根据我上传的图片内容，生成一个有趣的数学普及视频。---**阅读与思考** **中国人最早使用负数** 中国人很早就开始使用负数。著名的中国古代数学著作《九章算术》的“方程”一章，在世界数学史上首次正式引入负数及其加减法运算规则，并给出名为“正负术”的算法。魏晋时期的数学家刘徽在其著作《九章算术注》中用不同颜色的算筹（小棍形状的记数工具）分别表示正数和负数（红色为正，黑色为负）。 (+23) (+54) [Image of red and black counting rods] +23 -54 [Image of red and black counting rods being combined/cancelled] -> [Image of remaining black counting rods] +23 -54 -31 “正负术”是正负数加减法法则。其中有一段话是“同名相除，异名相益，正无入负之，负无入正之。”你知道它的意思吗？其实它就是减法法则，以现代算式为例，可以将这段话解释如下： “同名相除”，即同号两数相减时，括括号前为被减数的符号，括号内为被减数的绝对值减去减数的绝对值。例如 (+5)-(+3)=+(5-3), (-5)-(-3)=-(5-3). “异名相益”，即异号两数相减时，括括号前为被减数的符号，括号内为被减数的绝对值加减数的绝对值。例如 (+5)-(-3)=+(5+3), (-5)-(+3)=-(5+3). “正无入负之，负无入正之”，即0减正得负，0减负得正。例如 0-(+3)=-3, 0-(-3)=+3. 史料证明：追溯到两千多年前，中国人已经开始使用负数，并应用到生产和生活中。例如，在古代商业活动中，以收入为正，支出为负；以盈余为正，亏欠为负。在古代农业活动中，以增产为正，减产为负。中国人使用负数在世界上是首创。 --- **Chart/Diagram Description:** * **Type:** Diagram illustrating a mathematical operation using counting rods (算筹). * **Main Elements:** * The diagram shows a sequence of states represented by arrangements of small rectangular rods. * The text explains that red rods represent positive numbers and black rods represent negative numbers (although the image appears grayscale, the colors are defined by the text). * **First State:** Two separate groups of rods are shown. The left group consists of rods arranged to represent the number 23 (presumably in a place-value system using columns). Below this group is the label "+23". The right group consists of rods arranged to represent the number 54. Below this group is the label "-54". Based on the text's color explanation, the rods representing +23 would be red, and the rods representing -54 would be black. * **Transition 1:** An arrow points from the first state (showing +23 and -54 separately) to a second state. * **Second State:** This state shows the rods seemingly combined, with some rods of opposing types (red and black) canceling each other out. This visually represents the operation of adding a positive and a negative number (or subtracting). * **Transition 2:** An arrow points from the second state to a third state. * **Third State:** This state shows the remaining rods after the cancellation process. These rods represent the number -31. Below this group is the label "-31". Based on the text, these remaining rods would be black. * **Implied Operation:** The sequence of images illustrates the calculation (+23) + (-54) = -31, or equivalently, (+23) - (+54) = -31, or 23 - 54 = -31, using the visual method of counting rods. The middle state explicitly shows the cancellation of positive and negative quantities.