用简单的方法讲解---```plain text [Page/Section Marker] 论 | 3 [Text Content - Physics Concepts] 物理性力学代替。相对于一个物体来说,只有当某种力作用于它或驱使它的时候,才会产生这种力的效果。这种力既可看成抵抗力,也也可看成推动力;只要物体保持现有状态并同外力相抵抗时,它就是抵抗力;而当物体不轻易向外力屈服并力图改变外力的状态时,它就是推动力。抵抗力通常在物体静止的状态中产生作用,而推动力通常在物体运动的状态中产生作用。但一般而言,所谓运动和静止也只是相对而言,通常我们可以从静止的物体... [Definition 4] 定义 4 施加在物体上的外力,其作用是使物体改变静止或匀速直线运动的状态。外力只在物体产生作用时存在,并将随着作用的停止而消失。因为,物体只能依靠惯性来维持其所获得前的每一个状态。而外力的来源有多种方式,例如,它可以来自于撞击力、挤压力或吸引。 [Definition 5] 定义 5 向心力迫使物体趋向一个中心点,并对任何倾向于该点的物体起作用。 [Text Content - Gravity and Centripetal Force Examples] 重力属于向心力的范畴,它能使物体坠向地球中心;磁力也如此,能使铁吸向磁石,另外还有使行星不断偏离直线运动,再进入曲线轨道的力。悬挂在投石器上旋转的石块,试图让它从旋转的手中飞溅出去,由此便加大投石器的张力,旋转速度越快,张力也越大。一旦放手,石块将飞离而去。而另外一种反抗力又驱使投石器不断将石块拉回人手,并将石块限制在一个环形轨道的上。而人手就是这个所谓的环道的中心,也就是我所说的向心力。用同样的道理,可以解释在任何轨道中运动的所有物体,这些物体都试图飞离轨道的中心;如果没有任何一个反抗力来限制它们试图飞离的趋势,并、将它们限定在轨道上,它们就会沿着直线做... [Diagram Label] □ 重力示意图 [Text below Diagram] 和苹果具有相同质量的一块石头 重力总是穿过 所有物体中心 的直线向下施 加在所有物 体上 无论物体质量大小,重力 总是同等地作用在所有物 体上。 [Chart/Diagram Description] * **Type:** Schematic diagram illustrating objects connected to a central point, likely representing forces towards a center, in the context of a sling or similar motion. * **Main Elements:** * Two spherical objects of different sizes (one large, one small). * Lines connecting each sphere to a central point. * The central point appears to be held or controlled by a stylized human hand or mechanism. * Text labels below refer to the objects as "一块石头" (a piece of stone) and "苹果" (apple), and mention them having the same mass ("具有相同质量"). * The diagram itself visually resembles the setup of a sling, which is discussed in the accompanying text as an example of forces (tension/centripetal force) towards a center. * A title "重力示意图" (Gravity schematic diagram) is present next to the diagram, but the visual representation is more aligned with the sling example illustrating forces towards a center, while the text below the diagram specifically discusses properties of gravity (acting on all objects equally regardless of mass, acting downwards through the center). The diagram's connection to "gravity" is somewhat ambiguous from the visual alone, but the text links it to the concept of gravity acting through the center and being independent of mass. [Small text at bottom left] 影响人类文明进程的文化与科学巨著 ```

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