这是一个微课的对话脚本,主角是师生两人。他们通过对话的方式来进行新知识的学习。他们的对话内容如下:
最小系统法微课脚本
老师:嗨,大家好,我是你们的袁老师。
小艾:嗨,大家好,我是小艾同学。
小艾:老师,最近我遇到了一个棘手的问题。我的电脑黑屏启动不了,通过之前学过的最小系统法排查出是CPU风扇的问题。可换了新风扇还是不行。我真的不知道该怎么办了。
老师:你别着急,我们先来一起回顾一下最小系统法。你先说说看什么时候需要用到最小系统法?
小艾:最小系统法适用于电脑黑屏无法启动的情况,适用于电源、主板、CPU、散热器、内存、显卡这些关键性硬件的“致命性”故障的排查。
老师:那排查前我们需要做哪些准备工作呢?
小艾:首先,为了防止各硬件之间的连接和接触而可能产生的相互干扰,我们要先把这些关键性的硬件设备从机箱内部拆出来,再进行逐一检测,从而定位故障点。
老师:小艾,你忘了一点,操作前要先戴上防静电手环防止击穿电脑中的芯片。断开电源确保安全后再操作。我们确保硬件的安全同时,更要确保我们的人身的安全,这也是我们的职业规范。那排查的依据又是什么呢?
小艾:造成黑屏故障的关键性部件只要有一个坏了,电脑就无法启动了,几乎没有可能两个硬件同时坏。所以我们进行排查的依据就是假设其他硬件没有坏,逐一添加硬件,就可以锁定故障点了。
老师:嗯,你在基础知识方面,掌握的很好。主板及CPU风扇的排查由于需要交叉检测,所以非常容易误判,是一个难点,你就遇到了这种问题。今天老师就带你一起解决它。
小艾:太好了老师!你快教教我吧!
老师:好的,没问题!前期我们已经排查了电源是没有问题的,那接下来我们连接主板供电插头和CPU散热风扇,先不要插入CPU。用螺丝刀短接主板上的开机信号针脚触发开机动作。此时,应该能看到主板指示灯亮,风扇转动。这就可以确认主板和风扇是正常的。小艾,如果不正常的话,可能会有哪几种表现呢?
小艾:这简单,排列组合谁都会。还有三种可能,分别是第一种,灯亮,风扇不转;第二种,灯不亮,风扇转;第三种,灯不亮,风扇不转。
老师:小艾,我问你,风扇是由谁供电的?
小艾:主板呀
老师:那你的第二种情况,灯不亮,主板肯定是不能正常供电的,风扇怎么能转呢?这不符合逻辑,所以这种可能是不存在的。我们可千万不能信口开河,只有勤于思考,方得真知,切不可犯形而上学的毛病。
小艾:我知道了老师,是我粗心了。你快给我讲讲第一种,灯亮,风扇不转的情况吧,我的电脑就是这种情况。
老师:这是第二个大家容易出错的地方,也最容易出现误判。种情况主板和风扇都有可能是故障点。
小艾:老师,这个地方我有个疑问,明明主板的指示灯都已经亮了,只有风扇不转,那应该排除掉主板的可能,肯定是风扇坏了呀,为什么它们两个都有可能呢?
老师:这里有一点你还不知道。那就是主板灯亮仅代表它能通电,但不代表它能驱动负载正常工作。而风扇就是一个负载。这就好比是生活中一辆电动自行车即使快没电了,在停车状态下打开电源开关,虽然它的电量显示还有很多,可是一旦上路行驶它的电量就会现出原形了。
小艾:哦,我明白了。那这两种可能我们怎么排除呢?
老师:这时候我们可以请出另一个负载——CPU!
小艾:CPU?
老师:对。CPU也是一种负载,插入CPU,短接开机,手摸CPU,10秒内只要CPU表面温热就说明CPU能正常工作,主板是可以带动负载的,它是没有问题的,故障点在风扇。但是要注意,这个时间不能长,以避免CPU高温而损坏。如果CPU是冰凉的,那问题就出在主板了。
小艾:这个方法真好!我真没想到第三个硬件还可当前两个硬件的检测器!
老师:那第三个情况就简单了,灯不亮,风扇不转,肯定就是主板的故障了。
小艾:老师,这个地方我又有个疑问。明明风扇也不转呀,为什么你就直接断定是主板的问题呢?
老师:呵呵,我猜你就会问,这也是第三个大家容易出错的地方。还记得最小系统法的排查依据么?你再说一遍。
小艾:造成黑屏故障的关键性部件只要有一个坏了,电脑就无法启动了,几乎没有可能两个硬件同时坏。哎呀,我怎么把这个给忘了。主板灯不亮就已经是一个标志性的故障了。
老师:你说的非常正确。我们一起回顾一下今天的内容。主板及CPU风扇的检测,主要是观察主板指示灯和风扇是否转动。它的故障表现分两种情况,第一种,灯亮,风扇不转。此时我们需要插入CPU来进行辅助判断,CPU温热就是风扇故障,否则就是主板故障;第二种情况,最具标志性,主板指示灯不亮,风扇不转,依据故障点的唯一性,就可以直接判定是主板的故障了。
小艾:老师,这次你给我讲解了这个难点,让我对最小系统法又有了一个更深入的理解,我感觉我又可以啦,我这就去搞定我的电脑去!哈哈,耶~
老师:同学们,你们学会了么?我也给大家准备了一些案例,你也来一试身手吧。
---**Textual Information:**
* **Main Title:** 主板及CPU风扇故障排查 (Motherboard and CPU Fan Troubleshooting)
* **Conditions/States:**
* 灯亮 (Light On)
* 风扇转 (Fan Rotates)
* 正常 (Normal)
* 灯亮 (Light On)
* 风扇不转 (Fan Does Not Rotate)
* 故障1 (Failure 1)
* 灯不亮 (Light Off)
* 风扇转 (Fan Rotates)
* 故障2 (Failure 2)
* 灯不亮 (Light Off)
* 风扇不转 (Fan Does Not Rotate)
* 故障3 (Failure 3)
**Chart/Diagram Description:**
* **Type:** This is a flow chart or decision tree diagram illustrating troubleshooting steps based on conditions.
* **Main Elements:**
* **Nodes:** Rectangular nodes contain text describing a state or action. Rounded rectangular nodes (though they look like squares with rounded corners here) also contain text describing conditions or outcomes.
* **Connections:** Lines connect the nodes, showing the flow of logic. Branches indicate different paths based on conditions.
* **Root Node:** A horizontal blue rectangular node on the left labeled "主板及CPU风扇故障排查".
* **Branching Structure:** A horizontal line extends from the root node and branches vertically into four main paths. Each path contains two condition nodes stacked vertically, followed by a vertical brace symbol `}` grouping the two conditions, and finally a result node to the right of the brace.
* **Condition Nodes:** Pairs of nodes indicating the state of the light ("灯亮" / "灯不亮") and the fan ("风扇转" / "风扇不转"). These nodes have different background colors (blue, yellow, orange, red).
* Path 1 Conditions: "灯亮" (blue), "风扇转" (yellow)
* Path 2 Conditions: "灯亮" (orange), "风扇不转" (red)
* Path 3 Conditions: "灯不亮" (yellow), "风扇转" (blue)
* Path 4 Conditions: "灯不亮" (blue), "风扇不转" (yellow)
* **Result Nodes:** Vertical blue rectangular nodes labeled "正常", "故障1", "故障2", "故障3". These are positioned to the right of the condition groups they correspond to.
* **Grouping Brace:** A large vertical curly brace `}` is used to visually group the two condition nodes that lead to a specific result node.
* **Relative Position and Direction:** The process starts from the left ("主板及CPU风扇故障排查") and flows horizontally and vertically to the right, ending in the different result states ("正常", "故障1", "故障2", "故障3") based on the observed conditions. The conditions (light and fan states) are listed vertically in pairs before leading to the corresponding result.
**Chart/Diagram Description:**
* **Type:** Flowchart/Mind Map
* **Main Elements:**
* The diagram starts with a central node labeled "主板及CPU风扇检测" (Motherboard and CPU Fan Detection).
* A line connects this to a node "连接主板电源、CPU风扇" (Connect Motherboard Power, CPU Fan).
* A line connects "连接主板电源、CPU风扇" to "短接开机针脚" (Short Circuit Power Pin).
* From "短接开机针脚", there are three branches:
* Branch 1 leads to a group of three conditions: "主板指示灯亮" (Motherboard Indicator Light On), "有线网口指示灯亮" (Wired Network Port Indicator Light On), and "风扇转" (Fan Rotates). These three conditions are grouped by a curly brace and lead to the result "主板及风扇正常" (Motherboard and Fan Normal).
* Branch 2 leads to a group of two conditions: "灯不亮" (Light Not On) and "风扇不转" (Fan Does Not Rotate). These two conditions are grouped by a curly brace and lead to the result "主板故障" (Motherboard Fault).
* Branch 3 leads to a group of two conditions: "灯亮" (Light On) and "风扇不转" (Fan Does Not Rotate). These two conditions are grouped by a curly brace and lead to an intermediate result "风扇或主板故障" (Fan or Motherboard Fault).
* From "风扇或主板故障", a line connects to "安装CPU辅助判断" (Install CPU for Auxiliary Judgement).
* From "安装CPU辅助判断", a line connects to "开机10秒内触摸CPU表面" (Touch CPU Surface Within 10 Seconds of Powering On).
* From "开机10秒内触摸CPU表面", there are two branches:
* Branch 3.1 leads to the condition "温热" (Warm/Hot), which results in "CPU风扇故障" (CPU Fan Fault).
* Branch 3.2 leads to the condition "冰凉" (Cold), which results in "主板故障" (Motherboard Fault).
* Arrows/lines indicate the flow of the troubleshooting process.
**Textual Information:**
主板及CPU风扇检测
|
连接主板电源、CPU风扇
|
短接开机针脚
|
--- 分支1 ---
主板指示灯亮
有线网口指示灯亮
风扇转
(grouped by brace) -> 灯亮 (Light On)
(grouped by brace) -> 主板及风扇正常 (Motherboard and Fan Normal)
|
--- 分支2 ---
灯不亮 (Light Not On)
风扇不转 (Fan Does Not Rotate)
(grouped by brace) -> 灯不亮 (Light Not On) (Note: The brace is positioned next to "灯不亮" and "风扇不转", implying the result is based on both being true, leading to "主板故障". The text "灯不亮" next to the brace seems redundant based on the structure, but it's present in the image).
(grouped by brace) -> 主板故障 (Motherboard Fault)
|
--- 分支3 ---
灯亮 (Light On)
风扇不转 (Fan Does Not Rotate)
(grouped by brace) -> 灯亮 (Light On) (Note: Similar redundancy as above).
(grouped by brace) -> 风扇或主板故障 (Fan or Motherboard Fault)
|
安装CPU辅助判断
|
开机10秒内触摸CPU表面
|
--- 分支3.1 ---
温热 (Warm/Hot) -> CPU风扇故障 (CPU Fan Fault)
|
--- 分支3.2 ---
冰凉 (Cold) -> 主板故障 (Motherboard Fault)