操作系统---Extraction Content: **Chart/Diagram Description:** * Type: Mind map / Tree diagram. * Main Elements: Nodes representing concepts (e.g., Operating System Classification, Batch Processing System, Characteristics) and lines connecting them to show hierarchical relationships. The diagram illustrates the classification of operating systems and their properties. **Textual Information Extraction:** **操作系统分类 (Operating System Classification)** * **批处理系统 (Batch Processing System)** * 单道批处理系统 (Single-Batch Processing System) * 系统资源得不到充分的利用 (System resources are not fully utilized) * 多道批处理系统 (Multi-Batch Processing System) * 优点 (Advantages) * 资源利用率高 (High resource utilization) * 系统吞吐量大 (Large system throughput) * 缺点 (Disadvantages) * 交互能力差 (Poor interactivity) * **分时系统 (Time-Sharing System)** * 定义 (Definition) * 同时允许多个用户共享主机中的资源, 每个用户都可以通过自己的终端以交互方式使用计算机 (Allows multiple users to share resources in the host computer simultaneously, each user can use the computer interactively through their own terminal) * 特点 (Characteristics) * 多路性, 也称为同时性 (Multiplexing, also called simultaneity) * 交互性 (Interactivity) * 独立性 (Independence) * 及时性 (Timeliness) * 实现技术 (Implementation Technology) * 虚拟技术 (Virtual Technology) * 时分复用 (Time-division multiplexing) * 虚拟处理器, 虚拟设备 (Virtual processor, virtual device) * 空间复用 (Space-division multiplexing) * 虚拟存储 (Virtual storage) * **实时系统 (Real-Time System)** * 系统能及时响应外部事件的请求, 在规定的时间内完成对该事件的处理, 并控制所有实时任务协调一致地运行 (The system can respond to external event requests in a timely manner, complete the processing of the event within the specified time, and control all real-time tasks to run in a coordinated manner) * 特征 (Characteristic) * 快速的处理能力 (Fast processing capability) * 有明确的响应时间要求 (Has clear response time requirements) * 及时性 (Timeliness) * 可靠性 (Reliability) * **嵌入式系统 (Embedded System)** * 系统能及时响应外部事件的请求, 在规定的时间内完成对该事件的处理, 并控制所有实时任务协调一致地运行 (The system can respond to external event requests in a timely manner, complete the processing of the event within the specified time, and control all real-time tasks to run in a coordinated manner) * 特点 (Characteristics) * 系统内核小 (Small system kernel) * 系统精简 (System streamlined) * 高实时性 (High real-time performance) * 具有可配置性 (Configurability) * **网络操作系统 (Network Operating System)** * 在计算机网络环境下对网络资源进行管理和控制, 实现数据通信及对网络资源的共享, 为用户提供与网络资源接口的一组软件和程序的集合 (Manages and controls network resources in a computer network environment, achieves data communication and sharing of network resources, and provides users with a set of software and programs that interface with network resources) * 特征 (Characteristics) * 硬件独立性 (Hardware independence) * 接口一致性 (Interface consistency) * 资源透明性 (Resource transparency) * 系统可靠性 (System reliability) * 执行并行性 (Execution parallelism) * **分布式系统 (Distributed System)** * 基于软件实现的一种多处理机系统, 是多个处理机通过通信线路互连而构成的松耦合系统 (A multi-processor system implemented based on software, which is a loosely coupled system composed of multiple processors interconnected through communication lines) * 特征 (Characteristics) * 分布性 (Distribution) * 透明性 (Transparency) * 同一性 (Unity) * 全局性 (Globality)