操作系统---**Diagram Description:** * **Type:** Tree diagram / Mind map. * **Structure:** The diagram represents a hierarchical structure starting from the topic "Operating System" (implicit root). It branches into three main sections: "Definition of Operating System", "Goals of Operating System", and "Functions of Operating System". * **Nodes and Connections:** * A node labeled "操作系统的定义" (Definition of Operating System) connects to a detailed text description. * A node labeled "操作系统的目标" (Goals of Operating System) branches into four sub-nodes: "方便性" (Convenience), "有效性" (Efficiency), "可扩充性" (Extensibility), and "开放性" (Openness). * A node labeled "操作系统的功能" (Functions of Operating System) branches into five sub-nodes: "处理机管理/进程管理" (Processor Management / Process Management), "存储管理" (Memory Management), "文件管理" (File Management), "设备管理" (Device Management), and "用户与计算机硬件/系统之间的接口" (Interface between User and Computer Hardware/System). * The sub-node "用户与计算机硬件/系统之间的接口" (Interface between User and Computer Hardware/System) further branches into three child nodes: "命令方式 (UNIX、DOS命令)" (Command mode (UNIX, DOS commands)), "系统调用方式 (系统函数)" (System call mode (system functions)), and "GUI方式 (图像界面)" (GUI mode (Graphical User Interface)). * Lines connect the parent nodes to their respective child nodes, indicating the relationships. **Extracted Text Content:** **操作系统的定义 (Definition of Operating System)** 操作系统是控制和管理计算机系统内部各种硬件和软件资源、有效地组织多道程序运行的系统软件（或程序集合），是用户与计算机之间的接口。 (The operating system is system software (or a collection of programs) that controls and manages various hardware and software resources within the computer system, effectively organizes the running of multiple programs, and is the interface between the user and the computer.) **操作系统的目标 (Goals of Operating System)** * 方便性 (Convenience) * 有效性 (Efficiency) * 可扩充性 (Extensibility) * 开放性 (Openness) **操作系统的功能 (Functions of Operating System)** * 处理机管理/进程管理 (Processor Management / Process Management) * 存储管理 (Memory Management) * 文件管理 (File Management) * 设备管理 (Device Management) * 用户与计算机硬件/系统之间的接口 (Interface between User and Computer Hardware/System) * 命令方式 (UNIX、DOS命令) (Command mode (UNIX, DOS commands)) * 系统调用方式 (系统函数) (System call mode (system functions)) * GUI方式 (图像界面) (GUI mode (Graphical User Interface))