\nCreate a 2-minute explainer video for 8th-grade science that answers:\n• What’s the difference between *potential* and *kinetic* energy?\n• Why does a roller-coaster have the most potential energy at the top of the first hill?\n• Show at least two real-world examples (basketball free-throw & falling apple).\nAdd colorful motion graphics, on-screen formulas, upbeat music, and friendly female narration.\nList key vocabulary at the end and embed two comprehension questions that pause the video until answered.\n

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Hey science explorers! Ever wonder what makes things move or stay still? It's all about energy! Today, we're diving into two main types: potential and kinetic energy. Think of them as energy twins that love to transform into each other! Let's explore how energy works all around us. Think of potential energy as stored energy, ready to do work! It's energy an object has because of its position or state. We'll focus on gravitational potential energy - energy stored because of an object's height. The higher something is, the more potential energy it has! Like an apple hanging on a tree branch, or a basketball player holding the ball up high before shooting. The formula is PE equals m-g-h: mass times gravity times height. Now, kinetic energy is the energy of motion! Anything moving has kinetic energy. The faster it moves, the more kinetic energy it has! Watch our falling apple, flying basketball, and racing car. As they speed up, their kinetic energy increases dramatically. The formula is KE equals one-half m-v-squared: half times mass times velocity squared. Notice how velocity is squared - this means doubling the speed gives four times more kinetic energy! Energy loves to change forms! Potential energy can turn into kinetic energy, and back again! The perfect example? A roller coaster! At the very top of the first hill, the coaster is highest, so it has maximum potential energy and minimum kinetic energy - it's barely moving! As it zooms down, that potential energy converts into kinetic energy, making it go super fast at the bottom! This is why roller coasters have the most potential energy at the top - it's the highest point with the most stored energy ready to become motion! Let's review our key vocabulary! Potential energy is stored energy due to position. Kinetic energy is energy of motion. Now for a quick quiz! Question one: An apple hanging high on a tree branch has mostly what type of energy? The answer is B, Potential Energy! The apple has stored energy due to its height. Question two: At which point does a roller coaster typically have the most kinetic energy? The answer is C, Bottom of the first hill! Maximum speed equals maximum kinetic energy. Great job! You've mastered the energy twins! Remember, energy is always transforming around us!