formal language and theory of automataexplain all concepts

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Welcome to Formal Language and Automata Theory! Let's start with the basic building blocks. An alphabet is a finite set of symbols, like {a, b}. Strings are sequences of symbols from the alphabet, including the empty string. A language is a set of strings that follow specific rules, such as all strings with an even number of a's. Finite Automata are the simplest computational models. A DFA has exactly one transition for each state and input symbol, while an NFA can have multiple transitions or none. Here we see a DFA that accepts strings ending with 'a'. The machine starts in q0, and when it reads 'a', it moves to the accepting state q1.