将这三个内容以专业的形式讲解出来，以课程的形式去讲解---**Textual Information:** * **Title:** 呼吸康复评估策略 (Pulmonary Rehabilitation Assessment Strategy) * **Subtitle:** 实用技术系列 (Practical Technology Series) * **Presenter Information:** 呼吸治疗师: 杨潇 (Respiratory Therapist: Yang Xiao) **Chart/Diagram Description:** * **Type:** Anatomical illustration on a background with text overlay. * **Main Elements:** * Background: Light gray with subtle geometric patterns (polygons). There might be a faded blue watermark or logo in the center left with letters like "RCU". * Text: Red text centrally placed on the left side, with a larger title and a smaller subtitle below. Black text at the bottom left corner on a red horizontal bar. * Anatomical Illustration: A 3D rendering of the upper human torso on the right side. It shows: * The rib cage (bones are light beige, intercostal structures appear reddish-purple). * Part of the lungs (partially visible inside the rib cage, appearing reddish-purple). * Trachea (light beige, ringed structure). * Larynx/voice box (light beige and blue structure on top of the trachea). * Thyroid gland (reddish lobes wrapped around the trachea). * Part of the spine (vertebrae visible on the posterior side, light beige). * The illustration is positioned on the right half of the image against the light gray background. * Foreground Element: A solid red horizontal bar occupies the bottom portion of the image, spanning its full width. Here is the extracted content from the image: **Top Banner:** 2013 ATS/ERS、2021中国、2023ATS **Left Panel: American Thoracic Society Documents** An Official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Statement: Key Concepts and Advances in Pulmonary Rehabilitation Authors list: Martijn A. Spruit, Sally J. Singh, Chris Garvey, Richard ZuWallack, Linda Nici, Carolyn L. Rochester, Kylie Hill, Anne E. Holland, Suzanne C. Lareau, William D.-C. Man, Fabio Pitta, Louise Sewell, Rebecca Crouch, Frits M. E. Franssen, Richard Casaburi, Jan H. Vercoulen, Ioannis Vogiatzis, Rik Gosselink, Enrico M. Clini, Tanja W. Effing, François Maltais, Job van der Palen, Thierry Troosters, Daisy J. A. Janssen, Eileen Collins, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Dina Brooks, Bonnie F. Fahy, Milo A. Puhan, Martine Hoogendoom, Rachel Garrod, Annemie M.W.J. Schols, Brian Carlin, Roberto Benzo, Paula Meek, Mike Morgan, Maud MT. E. Schols, Jonathan Raskin, Jean Bourbeau, Andrew L. Ries, Barry Make, Roger S. Goldstein, Claire A. Dowson, Jan L. Brozek, Christopher J. Ryerson, Sally J. Singh, Michael Steiner, Rachel S. Tappan, Abebaw M. Yohannes, and Emiel F. M. Wouters; on behalf of the ATS/ERS Task Force on Pulmonary Rehabilitation This OFFICIAL STATEMENT OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY (ATS) AND THE EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOCIETY (ERS) WAS APPROVED BY THE ATS BOARD OF DIRECTORS, JUNE 2013, AND BY THE ERS SCIENTIFIC AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES IN JANUARY 2013 AND FEBRUARY 2013, RESPECTIVELY. Boxed Text (Definition): On the basis of current insights, the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) have adopted the following new definition of pulmonary rehabilitation: "Pulmonary rehabilitation is a comprehensive intervention based on a thorough patient assessment followed by patient-tailored therapies that include, but are not limited to, exercise training, education, and behavior change, designed to improve the physical and psychological condition of people with chronic respiratory disease and to promote the long-term adherence to health-enhancing behaviors.” **Middle Panel: Chinese Document** 中华健康管理杂志 2021年12月 第15卷 第6期 Chin J Health Manage, December 2021, Vol. 15, No. 6 标题 中国慢性呼吸道疾病康复管理指南 (2021 年) 中国医师协会呼吸医师分会 中国康复医学会呼吸康复专业委员会《中华健康管理杂志》编辑委员会 通信作者:赵红梅,国家呼吸医学中心,中国医学科学院呼吸病学研究院,国家呼吸病临床研究中心,中日友好医院呼吸与危重症医学科,北京 100029,Email:lucy0500@163.com; 王晨,国家呼吸医学中心,中国医学科学院呼吸病学研究院,北京 100730,Email:wangchen@pumc.edu.cn Boxed Text (Description of PR): 主要疾病负担[1]。呼吸康复对 CRD 患者是一种非常有效的治疗方法,是 CRD 长期管理的核心组成部分,它是基于全面患者评估的为患者量身定制的综合干预措施,包括但不局限于运动训练、患者教育和行为改变,旨在改善 CRD 患者的身心状况,促进其对增进健康行为的长期依从性。呼吸康复能够提高运动能力、减轻呼吸困难症状、提高与健康相关的生活质量和减少住院率。 **Right Panel: AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY DOCUMENTS** Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Adults with Chronic Respiratory Disease An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline Authors list: Carolyn L. Rochester, Jennifer A. Alison, Brian Carlin, Alex R. Jenkins, Narelle S. Cox, Gerene Bauldoff, Surya P. Bhatt, Jean Bourbeau, Chris Burtin, Pat G. Camp, Thomas M. Cascino, Grace Anne Dorney Koppel, Chris Garvey, Roger Goldstein, Drew Harris, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Trina Limberg, Peter K. Lindenauer, Marilyn L. Moy, Christopher J. Ryerson, Sally J. Singh, Michael Steiner, Rachel S. Tappan, Abebaw M. Yohannes, and Anne E. Holland; on behalf of the American Thoracic Society Assembly on Pulmonary Rehabilitation THIS OFFICIAL CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY WAS APPROVED MAY 2023 Boxed Text (Definition): Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is “a comprehensive intervention based on a thorough patient assessment followed by patient-tailored therapies that include, but are not limited to, exercise training, education, and behavior change, designed to improve the physical and psychological condition of people with CRD and to promote the long-term adherence to health-enhancing behaviors” (3). PR is an essential **Overall Description:** The image contains a table summarizing assessment methods for respiratory rehabilitation in internal medicine. The table has three columns: "分类" (Category), "内容" (Content), and "方法/技术或评估要点" (Method/Technique or Assessment Points). The table title is "内科疾病-呼吸康复评估方法/技术". **Table Content:** **Title:** 内科疾病-呼吸康复评估方法/技术 (Internal Medicine Diseases - Respiratory Rehabilitation Assessment Methods/Techniques) **Headers:** * 分类 (Category) * 内容 (Content) * 方法/技术或评估要点 (Method/Technique or Assessment Points) **Rows:** * **分类:** 临床评估 (Clinical Assessment) * **内容:** 现病史和既往史 (Present and past medical history) * **方法/技术或评估要点:** 重点关注: 心肺疾病史、深静脉血栓形成史、其他系统病史、靶向药物应用情况及其他用药史、烟酒史等 (Key focus: History of cardiopulmonary diseases, deep vein thrombosis, other systemic diseases, targeted drug application, and other medication history, smoking and alcohol history, etc.) * **分类:** 临床评估 (Clinical Assessment) * **内容:** 共患病 (Comorbidities) * **方法/技术或评估要点:** 合并症及治疗史 (Comorbidities and treatment history) * **分类:** 临床评估 (Clinical Assessment) * **内容:** 体格检查 (Physical Examination) * **方法/技术或评估要点:** * 视诊: 呼吸模式、胸廓形状等; (Inspection: Breathing pattern, chest shape, etc.;) * 触诊: 胸廓活动度、触觉语颤、胸壁压痛、皮下气肿等; (Palpation: Chest wall mobility, tactile fremitus, chest wall tenderness, subcutaneous emphysema, etc.;) * 叩诊: 肺界、浊音、实音等; (Percussion: Lung borders, dullness, consolidation, etc.;) * 听诊: 呼吸音、干啰音和湿啰音等。 (Auscultation: Breath sounds, rhonchi, and rales, etc.) * **分类:** 检查评估 (Examination and Assessment) * **内容:** 一般情况 (General condition) * **方法/技术或评估要点:** 症状、日常活动水平、兴趣爱好和运动习惯 (Symptoms, daily activity level, interests and hobbies, and exercise habits) * **分类:** 检查评估 (Examination and Assessment) * **内容:** 化验检查; 影像学检查; 心电图; 超声心动图; 纤维支气管镜; (Laboratory tests; Imaging tests; Electrocardiogram; Echocardiography; Bronchoscopy;) * **方法/技术或评估要点:** (Empty cell) * **分类:** 问卷量表 (Questionnaires and Scales) * **内容:** 呼吸相关 (Respiratory related) * **方法/技术或评估要点:** 慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试 (CAT); 视觉模拟评分 (VAS); 改良呼吸困难指数 (mMRC); Borg量表; (COPD Assessment Test (CAT); Visual Analog Scale (VAS); modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC); Borg Scale;) * **分类:** 问卷量表 (Questionnaires and Scales) * **内容:** 活动能力相关 (Activity capacity related) * **方法/技术或评估要点:** 巴氏指数评定表 (BI); 功能独立性评定 (FIM); 社会功能活动问卷 (FAQ); Duke活动状态指数 (DASI); 衰弱评估量表 (Fried); (Barthel Index (BI); Functional Independence Measure (FIM); Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ); Duke Activity Status Index (DASI); Frailty Assessment Scale (Fried);) * **分类:** 问卷量表 (Questionnaires and Scales) * **内容:** 心理相关 (Psychology related) * **方法/技术或评估要点:** 抑郁症筛查量表 (PHQ-9); 焦虑症筛查量表 (GAD-7); 医院焦虑抑郁量表 (HADS); (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7); Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS);) * **分类:** 问卷量表 (Questionnaires and Scales) * **内容:** 睡眠相关 (Sleep related) * **方法/技术或评估要点:** 匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表 (PSQI); (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI);) * **分类:** 问卷量表 (Questionnaires and Scales) * **内容:** 营养相关 (Nutrition related) * **方法/技术或评估要点:** 营养筛查 (NRS 2002); 简易营养评估 (MNA); (Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002); Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA);) * **分类:** 问卷量表 (Questionnaires and Scales) * **内容:** 生活质量 (Quality of Life) * **方法/技术或评估要点:** 圣乔治呼吸问卷 (SGRQ); 慢性呼吸系统疾病问卷 (CRQ); 肺高血压健康生活质量评分 (emPHasis-10); 明尼苏达心衰质量量表 (MLHFQ); (St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ); Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ); emPHasis-10; Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ);) * **分类:** 功能评估 (Functional Assessment) * **内容:** 呼吸功能 (Respiratory function) * **方法/技术或评估要点:** 肺功能; PCF、PEF、PIF; 最大吸气压 (MIP); 最大呼气压 (MEP); 跨膈压; 膈肌超声; (Pulmonary function; PCF, PEF, PIF; Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP); Maximum Expiratory Pressure (MEP); Transdiaphragmatic pressure; Diaphragm ultrasound;) * **分类:** 功能评估 (Functional Assessment) * **内容:** 运动功能 (Exercise capacity) * **方法/技术或评估要点:** 心肺运动试验 (CPET); 6 min步行试验 (6MWT); 1 min坐站试验 (1-minSTST); 计时起立行走测试 (TUG); 徒手肌力检查; 等长测力计; 等张肌力检查; 握力测试; (Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET); 6-minute walk test (6MWT); 1-minute sit-to-stand test (1-minSTST); Timed Up and Go test (TUG); Manual muscle testing; Isokinetic dynamometer; Isometric muscle testing; Grip strength test;) * **分类:** 功能评估 (Functional Assessment) * **内容:** 吞咽功能 (Swallowing function) * **方法/技术或评估要点:** 反复唾液吞咽试验 (RSST)、改良饮水试验、洼田饮水试验 (Repeated Saliva Swallowing Test (RSST), Modified Water Swallowing Test, Kubota Water Swallowing Test)