Lithium hydroxide, with the chemical formula LiOH, is an important inorganic compound. It consists of lithium, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms bonded together. This compound is classified as a strong base and typically appears as a white crystalline solid at room temperature.
氢氧化锂存在两种不同的形式。无水形式具有简单的分子式LiOH，不含水分子。一水合物形式LiOH·H₂O，每个分子式单元含有一个水分子。两种形式都呈现为白色结晶固体，但一水合物形式在实验室和工业应用中更常见，因为它在正常大气条件下更稳定。
Lithium hydroxide exhibits several important properties. As a strong base, it has a high pH value greater than 12 when dissolved in water. It is highly soluble in water and appears as white crystals. The compound is hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the air. When dissolved, it dissociates into lithium ions and hydroxide ions, making the solution strongly alkaline.
Lithium hydroxide has several important industrial applications. One of its most critical uses is in carbon dioxide absorption systems for spacecraft and submarines, where it reacts with CO₂ to form lithium bicarbonate, helping to maintain breathable air. It is also used in producing lithium greases for high-temperature applications, manufacturing other lithium compounds, and in the ceramic industry. Additionally, it plays a role in certain battery technologies.
Safety is paramount when handling lithium hydroxide. This compound is corrosive and can cause severe burns to skin and eyes upon contact. Always wear appropriate protective equipment including gloves and safety goggles. Store the compound in dry conditions as it readily absorbs moisture from air. Ensure proper ventilation when working with it, and never mix it with acids as this can cause dangerous reactions. Following these safety protocols is essential for safe handling and use.