what is python programming language explain how it works
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Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language created by Guido van Rossum in 1991. It's designed with simplicity and readability in mind, making it an excellent choice for beginners and professionals alike. Python supports multiple programming paradigms including object-oriented, functional, and procedural programming.
When you run a Python program, several steps occur behind the scenes. First, you write source code in .py files using human-readable Python syntax. The Python interpreter then compiles this source code into bytecode, which is a lower-level, platform-independent representation stored in .pyc files. Finally, the Python Virtual Machine executes this bytecode, translating it into system calls that interact with your computer's operating system and hardware.
Here's a simple Python example that showcases the language's readability and simplicity. We import the math module, define a function called circle_area that calculates the area of a circle using the formula pi times radius squared, then call this function with a radius of 5 and print the formatted result. Notice how clean and readable the code is - this is one of Python's greatest strengths.
Python's dynamic typing system allows variables to change types during runtime. The same variable can hold an integer, then a string, then a list - Python determines the type automatically. Additionally, Python features automatic memory management through garbage collection, which automatically frees up memory that's no longer being used, making programming easier and reducing memory-related bugs.