解答此题---**Question 68** **Question Stem:** 68. 不等交换 (unequal crossover) 是一种在同源染色体配对过程中发生的重组异常, 导致基因重复或缺失。例如, 果蝇的 Bar 突变就是由于 X 染色体上的不等交换, 导致 Bar 基因重复, 从而引起眼睛缩小。关于不等交换在进化中的后果, 判断以下陈述的正确性: **(English Translation of Stem):** 68. Unequal crossover is a type of recombination error that occurs during homologous chromosome pairing, resulting in gene duplication or deletion. For example, the Bar mutation in *Drosophila* is caused by unequal crossover on the X chromosome, leading to duplication of the Bar gene, which results in smaller eyes. Regarding the consequences of unequal crossover in evolution, judge the correctness of the following statements: **Options:** A. 不等交换可导致某些基因家族成员减少 **(English Translation of Option A):** Unequal crossover can lead to a decrease in members of certain gene families. B. 不等交换是基因家族扩大的潜在机制 **(English Translation of Option B):** Unequal crossover is a potential mechanism for the expansion of gene families. C. 不等交换通常发生在减数分裂中, 但也有可能在有丝分裂中出现 **(English Translation of Option C):** Unequal crossover usually occurs during meiosis, but it can also occur during mitosis. D. 不等交换可能促进新基因功能的演化 **(English Translation of Option D):** Unequal crossover may promote the evolution of new gene functions.

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