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UEFI, or Unified Extensible Firmware Interface, is the modern replacement for the traditional BIOS system. It serves as the critical bridge between your computer's hardware and operating system. When you power on your computer, UEFI is the first software that runs, initializing hardware components and preparing the system to load your operating system. Unlike the legacy BIOS, UEFI provides enhanced capabilities, better security, and support for modern hardware requirements.
The traditional BIOS system has several significant limitations that UEFI addresses. BIOS operates in 16-bit mode, limiting its capabilities and performance. It uses the Master Boot Record, which restricts drive sizes to 2 terabytes and supports only four primary partitions. The BIOS interface is text-based and slow to navigate. In contrast, UEFI operates in 32 or 64-bit mode, uses the GUID Partition Table that supports unlimited drive sizes and partitions, provides a modern graphical interface, and includes advanced security features like Secure Boot to protect against malware during startup.
The UEFI boot process is more sophisticated than the legacy BIOS approach. When you press the power button, UEFI first performs a Power-On Self Test to verify hardware functionality. It then initializes critical hardware components like memory and storage controllers. Next, the UEFI Boot Manager loads and reads the EFI System Partition, a special FAT32 partition that contains boot loaders and UEFI applications. The Boot Manager then executes the appropriate boot loader for your operating system, which loads the OS kernel into memory and transfers control to the operating system. This process is faster, more secure, and more flexible than traditional BIOS booting.