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Java Syntax is the fundamental set of rules that define how Java programs must be written and structured. Think of it as the grammar of the Java programming language. Just like human languages have grammar rules for forming correct sentences, Java has syntax rules for writing valid code. The compiler uses these rules to understand and translate your code into executable instructions. Without proper syntax, your program won't compile or run. Java keywords are reserved words that have special meanings in the language. These include words like public, class, private, int, static, final, void, if, else, for, and return. You cannot use these keywords as names for your variables or methods. Identifiers, on the other hand, are names that you create for classes, variables, and methods. In our example, MyClass, number, name, calculate, and i are all identifiers. Identifiers must follow specific rules: they can start with a letter, underscore, or dollar sign, and can contain letters, digits, underscores, or dollar signs. Literals are fixed values that you write directly in your code. Java supports several types of literals: integer literals like 25, floating-point literals like 19.99, string literals like Hello enclosed in double quotes, boolean literals true and false, and character literals like A enclosed in single quotes. Operators are symbols that perform operations on these values. Arithmetic operators include plus, minus, multiply, divide, and modulus. Comparison operators like greater than, less than, and equals compare values and return boolean results. Logical operators like AND, OR, and NOT combine boolean expressions. Assignment operators like equals assign values to variables. Statements are the building blocks of Java programs - they are instructions that tell the computer what to do. There are several types of statements: declaration statements that create variables, assignment statements that give values to variables, and method call statements that execute functions. Every statement in Java must end with a semicolon. Code blocks are groups of statements enclosed in curly braces. They are used with control structures like if statements, loops, and method definitions. Code blocks can contain multiple statements and can be nested inside other blocks. This structure helps organize your code and defines the scope of variables. Java is a case-sensitive language, which means that myVariable and myvariable are treated as completely different identifiers. This applies to all names in Java including variables, methods, and classes. Comments are essential for documenting your code. Java supports three types of comments: single-line comments using double slashes, multi-line comments enclosed in slash-asterisk pairs, and documentation comments that start with slash-double-asterisk. Comments are ignored by the compiler and don't affect program execution. Understanding and following Java syntax rules is crucial because any syntax error will prevent your program from compiling and running. The compiler is strict about these rules, so precision is key to successful Java programming.