A transformer is a fundamental electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. It consists of two coils of wire wound around an iron core. The primary coil receives alternating current from a power source, while the secondary coil delivers the transformed energy to a load.
Transformers work through electromagnetic induction. When alternating current flows through the primary coil, it creates a changing magnetic field in the iron core. This changing magnetic field passes through the secondary coil and induces a voltage according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.
The voltage transformation in a transformer is determined by the turns ratio. The ratio of secondary voltage to primary voltage equals the ratio of secondary turns to primary turns. In this step-up transformer example, with 4 primary turns and 8 secondary turns, the voltage is doubled from 120 volts to 240 volts.
There are two main types of transformers. Step-up transformers increase voltage by having more turns in the secondary coil than the primary coil. They are used in power transmission to reduce energy losses over long distances. Step-down transformers decrease voltage by having fewer turns in the secondary coil and are used in power distribution to provide safe voltage levels for homes and businesses.
Transformers have countless applications in modern life. In power distribution, they step down high transmission voltages to safe household levels. Electronic devices like phone chargers and computer power supplies use small transformers. They also provide electrical isolation for safety and help regulate voltage in various systems. Transformers are essential components that make our electrical infrastructure safe and efficient.