A transformer is a fundamental electrical device that plays a crucial role in power systems. It's a passive component, meaning it doesn't require an external power source to operate. The transformer's primary function is to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another while changing the voltage and current levels. This makes it essential for efficient power transmission and distribution.
Transformers work based on electromagnetic induction, discovered by Michael Faraday. When alternating current flows through the primary coil, it creates a changing magnetic field in the iron core. This changing magnetic field then induces a voltage in the secondary coil. The iron core helps concentrate and direct the magnetic field, making the energy transfer more efficient.