Welcome to graph data structures! A graph is a fundamental non-linear data structure that consists of vertices, also called nodes, and edges that connect these vertices. Graphs are incredibly useful for representing relationships between different objects or entities in computer science and mathematics.
Let's examine the two fundamental components of graphs. First, we have vertices, also called nodes, which are the individual entities or points in the graph. Second, we have edges, which are the connections or links between pairs of vertices that represent relationships between these entities.
Graphs can be classified into two main types based on their edges. Directed graphs have edges with direction, representing one-way relationships like following someone on social media. Undirected graphs have edges without direction, representing bidirectional relationships like friendship connections.
Weighted graphs add another dimension to graph structures by assigning weights or values to edges. These weights can represent various real-world quantities like distances in road networks, bandwidth in computer networks, or relationship strength in social networks. The weights help us find optimal paths and make informed decisions.
Graph data structures have countless real-world applications. They power social networks like Facebook and Twitter, enable GPS navigation and route planning, manage computer networks and the internet, and drive recommendation systems on platforms like Netflix and Amazon. Understanding graphs is essential for solving complex relationship-based problems in computer science.