What are the branches of Physics: An overview of various fields within physics, such as mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, etc?

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Physics is the fundamental science that studies matter, energy, space, and time, and how they interact with each other. This vast field is organized into several major branches, each focusing on different scales and phenomena in our universe. From the tiniest particles to the largest galaxies, physics helps us understand the natural world around us. Classical Mechanics is one of the oldest and most fundamental branches of physics. It studies how objects move and the forces that cause this motion. This field includes kinematics, which describes motion without considering its causes, dynamics, which studies the relationship between forces and motion, statics for objects at rest, and continuum mechanics for fluids and deformable solids. Thermodynamics deals with heat, work, temperature, and energy transformations in macroscopic systems. It governs everything from steam engines to refrigerators. Electromagnetism studies the interaction between electric charges and currents, creating electric and magnetic fields. This branch encompasses electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetic waves including light, radio waves, and X-rays. Quantum Mechanics revolutionized our understanding of the microscopic world, describing phenomena like wave-particle duality and quantum superposition at atomic scales. Einstein's Relativity transformed our view of space and time. Special Relativity deals with objects moving at constant high speeds, while General Relativity describes gravity as the curvature of spacetime itself, fundamentally changing our understanding of the universe. Modern physics encompasses many specialized branches that study different scales and phenomena. Astrophysics explores stars, galaxies, and the universe. Nuclear physics examines atomic nuclei and radioactivity. Particle physics investigates fundamental particles and their interactions. Condensed matter physics studies solids and liquids, while biophysics applies physics to biological systems. These branches often overlap, reflecting the interconnected nature of our physical world and driving technological advances that benefit humanity.