teach me present, past and future tense for german language. please teach in english
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Welcome to German verb tenses! German has three main tenses: present, past, and future. The present tense describes actions happening now or general habits. The past tense has two forms: simple past for written narratives and present perfect for spoken German. The future tense expresses actions that will happen or predictions.
The present tense in German is called Präsens. It's used for actions happening now, habits, general truths, and even future events when a time expression is included. To form the present tense, take the verb stem by removing the infinitive ending and add personal endings. For example, with the verb spielen meaning to play: ich spiele, du spielst, er spielt, wir spielen, ihr spielt, sie spielen.
German has two main past tenses. The simple past, called Präteritum, is primarily used in written narratives and formal texts. Weak verbs add -te to the stem, while strong verbs change their stem vowel. The present perfect, called Perfekt, is the most common past tense in spoken German. It uses the auxiliary verbs haben or sein plus the past participle, which goes at the end of the sentence.
The future tense in German is called Futur I. It expresses actions that will happen, predictions, and intentions. To form it, use the auxiliary verb werden conjugated in the present tense, plus the infinitive of the main verb at the end. For example: ich werde spielen means I will play. However, Germans often use the present tense with a time expression instead of the formal future tense, especially in spoken language.
To summarize German verb tenses: The present tense uses the verb stem plus personal endings for current actions and habits. The past has two forms - simple past for writing and present perfect for speaking. The future tense combines werden with an infinitive, though Germans often use present tense with time expressions instead. Master these three tenses and you'll have the foundation for German verb conjugation.