what is k8s? Explain the architecture of it? What are the components of it? And how does these components work together?

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Kubernetes, often abbreviated as K8s, is an open-source container orchestration platform. It automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. Think of it as a smart conductor that manages multiple containers, ensuring they work together harmoniously. Key features include automatic scaling, service discovery, load balancing, and self-healing capabilities. Kubernetes follows a Master-Node architecture. The Control Plane, also called the Master, acts as the brain of the cluster. It makes all scheduling decisions, manages the cluster state, and responds to events. The Nodes, also called Workers, are where your containerized applications actually run. These can be virtual machines or physical servers, and they are all managed by the Control Plane. The Control Plane consists of five main components. The API Server acts as the front-end interface for all communications. etcd is a reliable key-value store that holds all cluster data. The Scheduler decides which node should run new pods. The Controller Manager runs various controllers that maintain the desired state. Finally, the Cloud Controller Manager handles cloud-specific operations like load balancers and storage volumes. Each Worker Node contains three essential components. The Kubelet is an agent that runs on every node and ensures containers are running in pods as specified. Kube-proxy is a network proxy that maintains network rules and handles service discovery and load balancing. The Container Runtime is the software responsible for actually running containers, such as Docker, containerd, or CRI-O. All Kubernetes components work together seamlessly. The API Server acts as the central communication hub for all components. etcd stores the cluster state as the single source of truth. The Scheduler assigns new pods to suitable nodes based on resources and policies. Controllers continuously monitor and maintain the desired state. On each node, Kubelet ensures containers run as specified, while Kube-proxy handles network routing and load balancing. This orchestrated collaboration enables Kubernetes to automatically manage containerized applications at scale.