Welcome to learning two-digit subtraction with borrowing. When we subtract two-digit numbers, sometimes the digit in the ones place of the top number is smaller than the digit in the ones place of the bottom number. In these cases, we need to borrow from the tens place. Let's explore this concept with the example fifty-two minus twenty-seven.
Now let's examine the ones place. We need to subtract seven from two. But two is smaller than seven, so we cannot subtract directly. This is where we need to use borrowing. We must borrow one ten from the tens place to help us complete this subtraction.
Here's how borrowing works. We take one ten from the tens place, so the five becomes four. We cross out the original five and write four below it. Then we add this borrowed ten to the ones place. The two becomes twelve. We cross out the original two and write twelve. Now we can subtract: twelve minus seven equals five.
Now we complete the subtraction in the tens place. We subtract two from four, which equals two. We write two in the tens place of our answer. We already found that twelve minus seven equals five in the ones place. Combining both results, we get twenty-five. Therefore, fifty-two minus twenty-seven equals twenty-five.
Let's review the key steps for two-digit subtraction with borrowing. First, check if the top digit in the ones place is smaller than the bottom digit. If so, borrow one ten from the tens place by reducing the tens digit by one. Add ten to the ones place digit to make it larger. Then subtract in the ones place, followed by subtraction in the tens place. Finally, write the answer by combining both results. Remember, borrowing helps us subtract when the top digit is smaller than the bottom digit.