Welcome to this tutorial on Bubble Sort. Bubble Sort is a simple comparison-based sorting algorithm that works by repeatedly stepping through the list, comparing adjacent elements and swapping them if they are in the wrong order. The algorithm gets its name because smaller elements 'bubble' to the top of the list with each iteration. Bubble Sort has a time complexity of O(n squared) and a space complexity of O(1), making it efficient in terms of memory usage but inefficient for large datasets. In the next scenes, we'll see how Bubble Sort works step by step.
Let's examine the Bubble Sort algorithm in detail. The algorithm works by repeatedly stepping through the list, comparing adjacent elements and swapping them if they are in the wrong order. Looking at our example array with values 5, 3, 8, 4, 2, we'll perform multiple passes. In the first pass, we compare adjacent elements and swap them if needed, moving the largest element to the end. After the first pass, our array becomes 3, 5, 4, 2, 8. In the second pass, we do the same but exclude the last element which is already in its correct position. This gives us 3, 4, 2, 5, 8. After the third pass, we get 3, 2, 4, 5, 8. Finally, after the fourth pass, our array is fully sorted as 2, 3, 4, 5, 8. Notice how with each pass, the largest unsorted element 'bubbles up' to its correct position.
Now, let's see a detailed animation of the Bubble Sort algorithm in action. We'll start with our unsorted array: 5, 3, 8, 4, 2. In the first pass, we compare adjacent elements and swap them if they're in the wrong order. First, we compare 5 and 3. Since 5 is greater than 3, we swap them, giving us 3, 5, 8, 4, 2. Next, we compare 5 and 8. Since they're already in order, no swap is needed. Then we compare 8 and 4. Since 8 is greater than 4, we swap them, resulting in 3, 5, 4, 8, 2. Finally, we compare 8 and 2, and swap them to get 3, 5, 4, 2, 8. After the first pass, the largest element 8 is in its correct position at the end of the array. We continue this process for the remaining unsorted portion until the entire array is sorted.