Dental occlusion refers to the way your upper and lower teeth come together when you close your mouth. The term 'occlusion' specifically describes the contact relationship between the maxillary or upper teeth and the mandibular or lower teeth. This relationship is fundamental to proper dental function and oral health.
Dental occlusion is classified into three main types based on the relationship between the upper and lower teeth. Class I, or neutrocclusion, is considered normal occlusion where the upper teeth slightly overlap the lower teeth. Class II, also known as retrognathism or overbite, occurs when the upper teeth significantly overlap the lower teeth. Class III, or prognathism, commonly called underbite, is when the lower teeth are positioned ahead of the upper teeth.
Dental occlusion can be categorized as either static or dynamic. Static occlusion refers to how teeth contact when the jaws are closed in a fixed position. Dynamic occlusion, on the other hand, describes the contact between teeth during various jaw movements such as chewing, speaking, and swallowing. Proper dynamic occlusion is crucial for preventing tooth wear, temporomandibular joint disorders, and muscle fatigue. The way teeth glide against each other during these movements affects overall oral function and comfort.
Occlusal problems are common and can affect oral health and function. Malocclusion refers to misalignment of teeth when the jaws close, which can lead to difficulty chewing and speaking. Crossbite occurs when upper teeth fit inside the lower teeth rather than outside them. These issues can be treated through various dental interventions. Orthodontic treatments like braces and clear aligners can gradually reposition teeth into proper alignment. Restorative dentistry, including crowns and bridges, can also help restore proper occlusion by rebuilding damaged tooth surfaces.
To summarize what we've learned about dental occlusion: Dental occlusion refers to how the upper and lower teeth come together when the mouth is closed. There are three main classifications: Class I or normal occlusion, Class II or overbite, and Class III or underbite. Both static occlusion, which occurs in a fixed position, and dynamic occlusion, which happens during jaw movements, are important for oral function. Proper occlusion is essential for effective chewing, clear speech, and overall oral health. When occlusal problems occur, they can be effectively treated through orthodontics and restorative dentistry techniques.