请讲解生物综合题---**Question 30:** (5 分) 果蝇生活史短，提前开花结果的现象。这种现象在遗传学上称为____。性别决定与人类相同。图 1 是人的体细胞内染色体排序图；图 2 是果蝇的体细胞内染色体排序图；图 3 是动植物进化的大致历程。请据图回答问题： **(1)** 图 1 中男性体细胞染色体组成可表示为 22 对 + XY。果蝇的体细胞内有 4 对染色体，图 2 中雌性果蝇体细胞染色体组成可表示为____，依据性染色体来判断，该果蝇能产生____种类型的生殖细胞。 **(2)** 果蝇的灰身和黑身是一对相对性状。一对灰身雌果蝇和黑身雄果蝇交配后，产生了一代子代果蝇，子代既有灰身、又有黑身，子代中黑身个体所占的比例为____。 **(3)** 请比较图 1 和图 2 中染色体数目，分析果蝇是良好遗传学实验材料的原因。____。 **(4)** 果蝇属于节肢动物，它在图 3 中的位置是____（填写序号）。 **Chart/Diagram Description:** **图 1 (Figure 1):** * Type: Karyotype/Chromosome arrangement diagram. * Main Elements: Shows human chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs. * Labeled "男性" (Male) and "女性" (Female). * Male karyotype shows pairs 1 through 22, followed by XY sex chromosomes. * Female karyotype shows pairs 1 through 22, followed by XX sex chromosomes. * Chromosomes are represented as pairs, typically decreasing in size, numbered 1 through 22, with sex chromosomes labeled XY or XX. **图 2 (Figure 2):** * Type: Chromosome diagram. * Main Elements: Shows sex chromosomes of a male and a female fruit fly. * Labeled "XY" with two chromosomes, one larger (presumably X) and one smaller (Y). * Labeled "XX" with two identical larger chromosomes (presumably X). * Below each label are diagrams showing paired chromosomes, resembling fruit flies. The XY diagram shows the XY chromosomes. The XX diagram shows the XX chromosomes. These represent the sex chromosomes within the fruit fly body cells. **图 3 (Figure 3):** * Type: Diagram illustrating the evolutionary history of plants and animals. * Main Elements: A branching diagram showing different evolutionary lineages. * Labeled with numbers ①, ②, ③, ④. * Appears to show a tree structure with branches representing different groups. * Details of the specific groups represented by the numbers are not clearly legible from the image quality and angle, but it's a simplified evolutionary tree.