What is menstruation and what happens during. for adolescent
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Menstruation, often called a period, is a natural part of the female reproductive cycle. It usually begins during puberty, between the ages of 9 and 16, and is a sign that a girl's body is developing and becoming capable of pregnancy. The reproductive system includes the uterus, ovaries, and vagina, which all play important roles in the menstrual cycle.
The menstrual cycle typically lasts between 21 and 35 days, with an average of 28 days. It consists of several phases. The menstrual phase, shown in red, occurs during days 1 to 5 when the uterine lining is shed. The follicular phase overlaps with the menstrual phase and continues until around day 13, during which an egg develops in the ovary. Ovulation occurs around day 14, when the mature egg is released. Finally, the luteal phase lasts from days 15 to 28, during which the uterus prepares for a possible pregnancy.
During menstruation, the thickened lining of the uterus, called the endometrium, sheds and flows out through the vagina. This process typically lasts between 3 and 7 days. As you can see in the progression from day 1 to day 7, the lining gradually becomes thinner as it sheds. The average blood loss during a period is about 30 to 80 milliliters. Many people experience physical symptoms during menstruation, including abdominal cramps caused by uterine contractions, fatigue due to hormonal changes, and mood fluctuations. These symptoms are normal and vary in intensity from person to person.
There are several products available to manage menstrual flow. Pads are absorbent materials worn outside the body in underwear and should be changed every 3 to 4 hours. Tampons are inserted into the vagina to absorb blood before it leaves the body and should be changed every 4 to 8 hours to prevent toxic shock syndrome. Menstrual cups are flexible silicone or rubber cups that collect blood inside the vagina and can be emptied every 8 to 12 hours. Each product has advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on personal preference, comfort, and lifestyle.
Taking care of yourself during menstruation is important. Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and iron-rich foods to replace lost iron. Using a heating pad can help relieve menstrual cramps by relaxing the uterine muscles. Gentle exercise like walking or yoga can reduce discomfort by improving blood circulation and releasing endorphins. Getting adequate rest is essential as hormonal changes can cause fatigue. Tracking your cycle with a calendar or app helps predict your next period so you can be prepared. It's important to see a doctor if you experience very heavy bleeding, severe pain not relieved by over-the-counter medication, or periods lasting longer than seven days, as these could indicate underlying health issues.