teach me everything about anterior dislocation of shoulder
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Anterior shoulder dislocation is the most common type of shoulder dislocation. It occurs when the head of the humerus, or upper arm bone, is forced out of its socket in a forward direction. The humeral head moves forward and usually slightly downward relative to the glenoid cavity of the scapula.
Anterior shoulder dislocations are most commonly caused by trauma. The typical mechanism involves a fall onto an outstretched arm or a direct blow to the shoulder. The highest risk occurs when the arm is in a position of abduction, meaning raised away from the body, combined with external rotation, or turning outward. This vulnerable position puts maximum stress on the shoulder joint capsule and ligaments.
Anterior shoulder dislocation presents with characteristic symptoms. Patients experience severe shoulder pain and complete inability to move the affected arm. There is visible deformity with a squared-off or flattened appearance of the shoulder. A palpable gap can be felt below the acromion. Numbness or tingling may occur due to nerve compression. Diagnosis involves physical examination and X-rays to confirm the dislocation and check for associated fractures.
Treatment of anterior shoulder dislocation follows a systematic approach. First is reduction, where the humeral head is carefully relocated back into the glenoid socket using techniques like traction-countertraction or external rotation, typically under sedation. Next is immobilization with a sling for one to three weeks to allow healing. This is followed by rehabilitation with physical therapy to restore strength and range of motion. Surgery may be necessary for recurrent dislocations or complex cases with significant fractures.
To summarize what we have learned about anterior shoulder dislocation: It is the most common type of shoulder injury, typically caused by trauma when the arm is in a vulnerable position. The condition presents with characteristic symptoms including severe pain and visible deformity. Treatment follows a systematic approach of reduction, immobilization, and rehabilitation, though recurrence rates remain high, particularly in young active patients.